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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification01:16

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS
08:38

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS

Published on: November 8, 2015

Spotlight on teriflunomide.

E Tallantyre1, N Evangelou, C S Constantinescu

  • 1Division of Clinical Neurology, University of Nottingham, UK.

International MS Journal
|September 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Teriflunomide offers a convenient oral treatment option for multiple sclerosis (MS). This disease-modifying drug inhibits pyrimidine synthesis and shows promise as a safer alternative to existing injectable therapies.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS
08:38

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS

Published on: November 8, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Current multiple sclerosis (MS) treatments require parenteral administration, limiting patient convenience and acceptance.
  • Oral disease-modifying therapies represent a significant advancement in MS management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the mechanism of action of teriflunomide, an oral agent for MS.
  • To review existing evidence on teriflunomide's efficacy and safety.
  • To discuss ongoing Phase III investigations of teriflunomide.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical data in animal models.
  • Analysis of Phase II human clinical studies.
  • Examination of teriflunomide's pharmacological profile, focusing on pyrimidine synthesis inhibition.

Main Results:

  • Teriflunomide demonstrates efficacy in animal models of MS.
  • Phase II studies indicate a favorable safety profile for teriflunomide.
  • The drug's mechanism involves the inhibition of pyrimidine synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • Teriflunomide presents a promising oral alternative to injectable therapies like interferon beta and glatiramer acetate for MS.
  • Ongoing Phase III trials will further evaluate teriflunomide in monotherapy and combination settings.