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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Toxicology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a common pharmaceutical excipient.
  • The pulmonary effects of MCC following inhalation are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pulmonary changes induced by microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in a mouse model.
  • To assess the impact of MCC on lung mechanics, histology, and inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Intratracheal instillation of MCC or saline (control) in BALB/c mice.
  • In vivo and in vitro lung mechanics measurements (DeltaP(1), DeltaP(2), E(L), R, E, eta).
  • Histological analysis and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) assessment at multiple time points.

Main Results:

  • MCC transiently increased resistive and viscoelastic pressures and elastance.
  • Histology showed alveolar collapse and increased neutrophils in BALF post-MCC instillation.
  • MCC particles migrated into lung parenchyma and were present up to 30 days.

Conclusions:

  • Microcrystalline cellulose induces an acute, self-limited inflammatory response in the lungs.
  • MCC temporarily impairs lung mechanics, with recovery observed by day 3.
  • These findings are relevant to the safety assessment of inhaled MCC-containing pharmaceuticals.