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Related Concept Videos

Lung Capacity01:47

Lung Capacity

The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
Respiratory Volumes01:15

Respiratory Volumes

Respiratory volumes are crucial metrics, meticulously measured to quantify the air exchanged in and out of the lungs during various phases of the breathing cycle. These precise measurements are vital for assessing lung function, diagnosing respiratory conditions, and monitoring overall respiratory health. Each parameter provides specific insights into the mechanics of breathing and the functional capacity of the lungs.
Tidal Volume (TV) Tidal volume (TV) is the air inhaled or exhaled in a...
Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies01:27

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies

Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
Medical History
Assessment of Respiration01:23

Assessment of Respiration

The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like asthma or COPD,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

A Standardized Method for Measuring Internal Lung Surface Area via Mouse Pneumonectomy and Prosthesis Implantation
08:46

A Standardized Method for Measuring Internal Lung Surface Area via Mouse Pneumonectomy and Prosthesis Implantation

Published on: July 26, 2017

Outcome measures in the lung.

A U Wells1, J Behr, R Silver

  • 1Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Chelsea, London, UK. A.Wells@rbht.nhs.uk

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)
|September 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

For patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) lung disease, accurately measuring treatment effectiveness is challenging. Serial changes in forced vital capacity (FVC) are currently the most reliable indicator for assessing disease progression and therapeutic outcomes.

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Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes
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Published on: March 15, 2018

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Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

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08:46

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Published on: July 26, 2017

Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes
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Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes

Published on: March 15, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Rheumatology
  • Clinical Trial Design

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) lung disease progresses slowly, complicating therapeutic study outcome measures.
  • Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) serves as a model, though it progresses more rapidly.
  • Accurate and sensitive outcome measures are crucial for evaluating SSc lung disease treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the most sensitive and reliable outcome measures for clinical trials in SSc-associated lung disease.
  • To evaluate the utility of various pulmonary function tests and imaging modalities as endpoints.
  • To determine the optimal method for analyzing changes in pulmonary function variables.

Main Methods:

  • Review and extrapolation of outcome measures used in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) studies.
  • Analysis of the prognostic value of serial forced vital capacity (FVC) trends.
  • Assessment of serial gas transfer, 6-minute walk distance, and CT scan scoring systems.
  • Consideration of dyspnea and quality of life scales as ancillary measures.

Main Results:

  • Forced vital capacity (FVC) trends demonstrate the highest accuracy as a surrogate for mortality in IPF, applicable to SSc.
  • Serial gas transfer trends have lower prognostic value and may be confounded by pulmonary vascular disease in SSc.
  • The 6-minute walk distance is unreliable due to significant inter-test variability.
  • Serial CT shows promise, but an optimal scoring system is still needed.
  • Dyspnea and quality of life scales offer valuable ancillary information on clinical significance.

Conclusions:

  • Serial change in forced vital capacity (FVC) is currently the most suitable primary endpoint for SSc lung disease clinical trials.
  • Further research is needed to determine optimal time intervals and analysis methods (continuous vs. categorical) for pulmonary function tests.
  • While ancillary measures provide context, FVC remains the most robust primary outcome measure for evaluating therapeutic interventions.