Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is Climate?01:16

What is Climate?

17.5K
Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
17.5K
Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

24.4K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
24.4K
Interval Level of Measurement00:55

Interval Level of Measurement

13.0K
For effective statistical analysis, data are classified into four levels of measurement—nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
Data measured using the interval scale are similar to ordinal level data because they have a definite arrangement. However, in the interval level of measurement, the differences between data values are meaningful even though the data does not have a starting point.
Temperature is measured using the interval scale. It is measurable data, and the difference between...
13.0K
Review and Preview01:13

Review and Preview

9.5K
Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
9.5K
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

4.3K
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
4.3K
Application of Linearization and Approximation01:29

Application of Linearization and Approximation

193
A drone flying through complex terrain often relies on more than one sensing method to estimate small changes in altitude. Along with direct measurements, air pressure provides a useful indirect indicator of vertical movement. Atmospheric pressure decreases as altitude increases, and this relationship is commonly described using an exponential model. Although accurate, converting pressure measurements into altitude values requires calculations that are too complex to perform repeatedly during...
193

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Unlock the Endangered Species Act to address GHG emissions.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2023
Same author

Theory, modelling and observations of marginal ice zone dynamics: multidisciplinary perspectives and outlooks.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2022
Same author

Development of a Random Forest model for forecasting allergenic pollen in North America.

The Science of the total environment·2021
Same author

Pollen calendars and maps of allergenic pollen in North America.

Aerobiologia·2020
Same author

Sustained ocean changes contributed to sudden Antarctic sea ice retreat in late 2016.

Nature communications·2019
Same author

The ocean's role in polar climate change: asymmetric Arctic and Antarctic responses to greenhouse gas and ozone forcing.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2014
Same journal

Retraction Note: NSD2 targeting reverses plasticity and drug resistance in prostate cancer.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Enhanced B cell priming induces broadly neutralizing HIV-1 apex antibodies.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Vaccination elicits HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies in primates.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Child online safety needs more than social-media bans.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Ebola preparedness must start with ecosystems and before humans show symptoms.

Nature·2026
Same journal

AI tools can speed up thinking, but evidence still comes from the lab bench.

Nature·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data
09:55

Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data

Published on: December 12, 2013

8.2K

Arctic warming aloft is data set dependent.

Cecilia M Bitz1, Qiang Fu

  • 1Atmospheric Science Department, 408 Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysics Hall, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. bitz@atmos.washington.edu

Nature
|September 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Arctic ice and snow retreat amplifies surface warming but causes minimal atmospheric warming aloft during winter. New data contradicts claims of deep atmospheric warming, showing less warming consistent with observed cryosphere changes.

More Related Videos

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping
09:48

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

Published on: November 7, 2016

13.6K
Investigating the Relationship between Sea Surface Chlorophyll and Major Features of the South China Sea with Satellite Information
10:28

Investigating the Relationship between Sea Surface Chlorophyll and Major Features of the South China Sea with Satellite Information

Published on: June 13, 2020

6.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data
09:55

Surface Renewal: An Advanced Micrometeorological Method for Measuring and Processing Field-Scale Energy Flux Density Data

Published on: December 12, 2013

8.2K
Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping
09:48

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

Published on: November 7, 2016

13.6K
Investigating the Relationship between Sea Surface Chlorophyll and Major Features of the South China Sea with Satellite Information
10:28

Investigating the Relationship between Sea Surface Chlorophyll and Major Features of the South China Sea with Satellite Information

Published on: June 13, 2020

6.8K

Area of Science:

  • Climate Science
  • Arctic Amplification
  • Atmospheric Dynamics

Background:

  • Arctic sea ice and snow cover have rapidly retreated poleward.
  • This retreat amplifies surface warming due to a positive feedback loop.
  • Arctic regions warm faster than the global average.

Discussion:

  • Investigates the extent of atmospheric warming aloft during Arctic winter.
  • Contrasts findings with claims of deep atmospheric warming by Graversen et al.
  • Analyzes the role of stable winter atmosphere and vertical heat exchange.

Key Insights:

  • Arctic ice and snow retreat causes limited warming in the upper atmosphere during winter.
  • Observed warming aloft is significantly less than previously reported.
  • Findings align with cryosphere changes and altered atmospheric heat transport.

Outlook:

  • Further research needed to fully understand winter atmospheric heat transport mechanisms.
  • Implications for climate models predicting Arctic warming.
  • Importance of accurate data for assessing polar climate change impacts.