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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running
Published on: July 17, 2020
Physiological adaptations and analysis of training content in high school cross-country runners
Paul D Loprinzi1, Gary R Brodowicz
1Physical Activity Assessment Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
Abstract:
The purposes of this study were to examine effects of a season of training on aerobic performance in cross-country distance runners and to analyze the training using subjective and objective techniques. Subjects averaged 184 minutes of running per week, with 45%, 24%, and 31% occurring in zones below, near, and above the heart rate (HR) corresponding to ventilatory threshold (VT(HR)), respectively (Zone 1: HR > 15 bpm below VT(HR); Zone 2: HR between Zone 1 and VT(HR); Zone 3: HR > VT(HR)). Maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2 max)) increased by 5.1%, 5-km race time by 46 seconds (3.7%), and 2-km time trial performance by 54 seconds (10.7%) from pre- to postseason. Results are similar to previous research demonstrating that short-term (< 3 months) endurance training elicits improvements in various physiological parameters. Findings were not consistent with previous research that suggests a discrepancy may exist between the runners' perceptions and the physiological effects of their training.
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