Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Two Patients With Juvenile-Onset, Rapidly Progressive Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Associated With an SOD1 Variant (p.Asp125Gly) With Incomplete Penetrance.

Muscle & nerve·2026
Same author

Evaluation of Digital Technologies for Home-Based Assessment in People With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology·2026
Same author

Prospective Validation of the New PLS Diagnostic Criteria From PLS Natural History Study: EMG and Neurofilament Analyses.

Muscle & nerve·2026
Same author

Dynamics of Nerve Conduction Studies in Patients With Guillain-Barré Syndrome.

Muscle & nerve·2026
Same author

Utility of patient subgrouping in ALS clinical trials: a World Federation of Neurology white paper.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis & frontotemporal degeneration·2025
Same author

Development of Patient-Derived Neuroprogenitor Cells (hNPCs), Neurons and Astrocytes to Explore the Etiology of Guam Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex (PDC).

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Ocular Kinematics Measured by In Vitro Stimulation of the Cranial Nerves in the Turtle
10:49

Ocular Kinematics Measured by In Vitro Stimulation of the Cranial Nerves in the Turtle

Published on: June 2, 2018

Oculomotor involvement in myotonic dystrophy type 2.

Senda Ajroud-Driss1, Robert Sufit, Teepu Siddique

  • 1Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Abbott Hall 1426, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA. s-ajroud@md.northwestern.edu

Muscle & Nerve
|September 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Oculomotor function was evaluated in myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) patients. Rebound nystagmus, indicative of ocular myotonia, was found in most patients, suggesting a new diagnostic method.

More Related Videos

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
07:24

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

Quantification of Visual Feature Selectivity of the Optokinetic Reflex in Mice
09:28

Quantification of Visual Feature Selectivity of the Optokinetic Reflex in Mice

Published on: June 23, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Ocular Kinematics Measured by In Vitro Stimulation of the Cranial Nerves in the Turtle
10:49

Ocular Kinematics Measured by In Vitro Stimulation of the Cranial Nerves in the Turtle

Published on: June 2, 2018

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
07:24

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

Quantification of Visual Feature Selectivity of the Optokinetic Reflex in Mice
09:28

Quantification of Visual Feature Selectivity of the Optokinetic Reflex in Mice

Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) is a rare genetic neuromuscular disorder.
  • Oculomotor function has not been previously investigated in DM2 patients.
  • Understanding ocular manifestations is crucial for comprehensive DM2 patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate oculomotor function in patients diagnosed with myotonic dystrophy type 2.
  • To identify potential ocular motor abnormalities associated with DM2.
  • To explore novel diagnostic approaches for extraocular muscle involvement in DM2.

Main Methods:

  • Eight patients with genetically confirmed DM2 were included in the study.
  • Oculomotor function was assessed, focusing on specific eye movement abnormalities.
  • Video-Frenzel goggles were utilized for detailed examination of eye movements.

Main Results:

  • Seven out of eight DM2 patients exhibited rebound nystagmus.
  • The observed rebound nystagmus was present without evidence of structural brainstem or cerebellar lesions.
  • This finding suggests a potential link between DM2 and ocular myotonia.

Conclusions:

  • Rebound nystagmus is a common finding in DM2 patients.
  • The presence of rebound nystagmus strongly suggests ocular myotonia in DM2.
  • Video-Frenzel goggle examination may serve as a valuable diagnostic tool for detecting extraocular muscle myotonia in DM2.