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Related Concept Videos

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Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
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Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...

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Related Experiment Video

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Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides
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Regulation and function of Ag43 (flu).

Marjan W van der Woude1, Ian R Henderson

  • 1Department of Biology and the Hull York Medical School, University of York, York Y010 5YW, United Kingdom. mvdw1@york.ac.uk

Annual Review of Microbiology
|September 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Antigen 43 (Ag43) is an outer membrane protein in Escherichia coli. New analysis reveals distinct Ag43 families linked to pathogenicity and phase variation, crucial for understanding E. coli biology.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Antigen 43 (Ag43) is a prominent outer membrane protein in Escherichia coli, belonging to the autotransporter family.
  • Understanding Ag43's structure-function relationships is key to deciphering its roles in bacterial physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the structure-function relationships of Ag43 using experimental and in silico methods.
  • To investigate the phylogeny of Ag43-encoding gene variants and their distribution in pathogenic and commensal E. coli.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of phase variation controlling Ag43 expression and its impact on population heterogeneity.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular modeling and in silico analysis of Ag43 structure.
  • Sequence analysis to determine the phylogeny of Ag43-encoding gene variants.

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  • Investigation of phase variation mechanisms controlling Ag43 gene expression.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified two distinct families of Ag43 variants, with differential distribution between pathogenic and commensal E. coli isolates.
    • Shed light on the molecular mechanisms governing Ag43 phase variation, leading to population heterogeneity.
    • Provided insights into the structure-function relationships of Ag43 through integrated experimental and computational approaches.

    Conclusions:

    • Future research on Ag43 must consider allelic variants, bacterial genetic background, and phase variation control for a comprehensive understanding of its biological significance.
    • Ag43 plays diverse roles in E. coli, influenced by its specific variant, the host strain's genetic makeup, and expression regulation.