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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Growing a Cystic Fibrosis-Relevant Polymicrobial Biofilm to Probe Community Phenotypes
03:53

Growing a Cystic Fibrosis-Relevant Polymicrobial Biofilm to Probe Community Phenotypes

Published on: April 19, 2024

Growing plaque on foot.

Claudia Hernandez1, Ana Ivkovic, Ashley Fowler

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612-7300, USA.

The Journal of Family Practice
|September 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary

An 82-year-old woman with a history of pancreatic cancer presented with a growing foot lesion. This case highlights the importance of evaluating new skin lesions in patients with a history of cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • The case involves an elderly African American woman with a history of pancreatic cancer.
  • The patient presented for evaluation of a new, growing lesion on her right dorsal foot.

Observation:

  • The lesion was first noticed a year ago as a pinpoint size and has since grown to 2.5 cm by 1 cm.
  • It is described as a hyperpigmented plaque, dark brown and black, with irregular borders and a central hyperkeratotic area.
  • No inguinal lymphadenopathy was noted on examination.

Findings:

  • The clinical presentation of the lesion raises suspicion for a malignant or premalignant dermatosis.
  • Differential diagnoses include melanoma, atypical nevus, seborrheic keratosis, or other cutaneous neoplasms.

Implications:

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Growing a Cystic Fibrosis-Relevant Polymicrobial Biofilm to Probe Community Phenotypes
03:53

Growing a Cystic Fibrosis-Relevant Polymicrobial Biofilm to Probe Community Phenotypes

Published on: April 19, 2024

  • Prompt and accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management and patient outcomes.
  • The history of pancreatic cancer warrants careful consideration of metastatic disease or secondary skin malignancies.
  • Further diagnostic workup, including biopsy, is necessary to determine the nature of the lesion and guide treatment strategies.