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Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

Anatomical Movements

Anatomical Movements

Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist, metacarpophalangeal,...

Angle of Twist - Elastic Range

Angle of Twist - Elastic Range

Consider a cylindrical shaft with a length denoted by L and a consistent cross-sectional radius referred to as r. This shaft undergoes a torque at the free end. The highest shearing strain within the shaft is directly proportional to the twist angle and the radial distance from the shaft axis. When the shaft behaves elastically, this shearing strain can be articulated using variables such as the applied torque, radial distance, the polar moment of inertia, and the modulus of rigidity. By...

Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
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Related Experiment Video

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Bilateral inversion-eversion range of motion comparisons among college athletes.

T A Greene, S K Hillman

The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy

|January 1, 1990

Summary

Ankle range of motion (ROM) differs significantly between left and right sides in athletes without prior injury. This finding questions the accuracy of physical therapy assessments relying on comparing healthy ankles.

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Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Orthopedics
Biomechanics

Background:

Ankle ligamentous injuries are common in athletes.
Physical therapy assessments often use contralateral limb comparisons.
Normative data for bilateral ankle range of motion (ROM) in healthy athletes is crucial for accurate assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare bilateral passive inversion-eversion ROM in the ankles of individuals with no history of ankle trauma.
To evaluate the validity of contralateral comparisons in physical therapy assessments for ankle injuries.

Main Methods:

Thirty-seven intercollegiate athletes (25 males, 12 females) without prior ankle trauma participated.
Passive inversion-eversion ROM was measured using an ankle stability test instrument.
Ankle position was standardized at 0 degrees plantarflexion.

Main Results:

A significant bilateral difference was found in inversion ROM (p<0.01).
A significant left/right difference was observed in eversion ROM (p<0.05).
These results indicate inherent asymmetries in ankle mobility.

Conclusions:

Contralateral comparisons in physical therapy may be inaccurate for assessing ankle ligamentous injuries.
Limb dominance and athletic participation may influence bilateral ankle ROM differences.
Further research is needed to establish reliable assessment protocols for ankle injuries.