Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 1, 2026
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
Published on: October 28, 2020
Accuracy of the long-axis area-length method for the measurement of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction
Jonathan Lessick1, Eduard Ghersin, Sobhi Abadi
1Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel. j_lessick@rambam.health.gov.il
Background:
Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is useful for assessing left ventricular (LV) volumes and function. Validation has mainly been carried out using Simpson's method of summing up consecutive short-axis areas. Because the latter method is time-consuming, many users prefer using a quicker method, based on a single view or a pair of views.
Objectives:
To evaluate the accuracy of the long-axis area-length method (AL), which has not been validated for MDCT, using Simpson's method as the gold standard, as well as right anterior oblique LV angiography as a clinical standard.
Methods:
Twenty-three patients admitted with acute chest pain were clinically evaluated with electrocardiogram-gated MDCT and invasive LV angiography. MDCT-based end-diastolic, end-systolic and stroke volumes, and ejection fraction (EF) were calculated using Simpson's method, biplane AL and single-plane AL. For LV angiography, EF was calculated using single-plane AL.
Results:
A Bland-Altman analysis showed a close agreement between biplane AL and Simpson's method for EF, with 1% underestimation, 95% CI of +/-11% and a correlation of 0.89. For end-diastolic, end-systolic and stroke volumes, overestimations of 7 mL, 4 mL and 2 mL, and 95% CI of +/-27 mL, +/-15 mL and +/-26 mL, respectively were found. Correlation coefficients were 0.95, 0.97 and 0.82, respectively. Comparisons with LV angiography were considerably weaker. The vertical long-axis AL method by MDCT correlated better with both LV angiography and Simpson's method than the horizontal long-axis AL method.
Conclusions:
The biplane AL method gives results for EF, which correspond closely with the more cumbersome Simpson's method, although volumes are slightly overestimated.
