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[Urinalysis in chronic kidney disease]
Hitoshi Yokoyama1, Hideki Yamaya
1Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa Medical University.
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|September 16, 2008
Summary
Proteinuria, a marker found in urinalysis, is a key indicator for early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Higher levels of proteinuria correlate with significantly lower glomerular filtration rates (GFR), highlighting its diagnostic value.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Urology
- Internal Medicine
Context:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects millions globally, often diagnosed late.
- Urinalysis is a routine screening tool with potential for early CKD detection.
- Proteinuria is a key renal abnormality indicative of kidney damage.
Purpose:
- To evaluate the utility of proteinuria detection via urinalysis for early identification of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
- To assess the correlation between proteinuria levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
- To determine the diagnostic accuracy of proteinuria for advanced CKD stages (IV-V).
Summary:
- Proteinuria was detected in 2.3% of males over 18 during health check-ups.
- Lower eGFR (<50 mL/min/1.73 m2) prevalence increased significantly with proteinuria levels (8.9% for 1+, 31.8% for 2+ vs. 2.0% for negative).
- Proteinuria demonstrated high sensitivity (0.68) and specificity (0.978) for detecting CKD stages IV-V, with a positive likelihood ratio of 30.9.
Impact:
- Urinalysis and proteinuria screening can facilitate earlier diagnosis of CKD.
- Early detection through proteinuria assessment may enable timely intervention, potentially slowing CKD progression.
- This study underscores the clinical value of proteinuria as a biomarker in routine health screenings for kidney health.
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