Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Stress Response System

Stress Response System

The stress response system, also known as the fight-or-flight response, is the body's automatic physiological reaction to perceived threats. Hans Selye introduced the concept of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) to describe the predictable pattern of changes that occur in response to stress. GAS consists of three sequential stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. This model helps explain how chronic stress can contribute to health problems.
Alarm stage
In the alarm stage, the body's initial...

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high affinity and are together...

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.

Other Stress Responses in Bacteria

Other Stress Responses in Bacteria

Bacteria have global regulatory systems that control several types of stress mechanisms. These include Pho regulon and the heat shock response, which are essential systems for environmental adaptation, such as nutrient limitation and proteotoxic stress. The Pho regulon and the heat shock response exemplify bacterial resilience, enabling rapid adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions.Pho RegulonBacteria require phosphorus for essential cellular processes, including nucleic acid...

Physiological Foundation of Stress

Physiological Foundation of Stress

Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Metabolic Reprograming in Cancer.

Journal of cellular physiology·2025

Same author

Loss of the stress sensor GADD45A promotes stem cell activity and ferroptosis resistance in LGR4/HOXA9-dependent AML.

Blood·2024

Same author

Gadd45 in Normal Hematopoiesis and Leukemia.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2022

Same author

Gadd45 in Senescence.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2022

Same author

The ERK2-DBP domain opposes pathogenesis of a mouse JAK2V617F-driven myeloproliferative neoplasm.

Blood·2022

Same author

Inhibiting calpain 1 and 2 in cyclin G associated kinase-knockout mice mitigates podocyte injury.

JCI insight·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Visualization of G3BP Stress Granules Dynamics in Live Primary Cells

Visualization of G3BP Stress Granules Dynamics in Live Primary Cells

Published on: May 21, 2014

Gadd45 in stress signaling.

Dan A Liebermann¹, Barbara Hoffman

¹Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, & Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. lieberma@temple.edu.

Journal of Molecular Signaling

|September 16, 2008

Summary

Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible proteins (Gadd45) act as stress sensors. Their interactions with partner proteins determine cell survival or apoptosis outcomes, potentially influenced by DNA damage extent.

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cellular Stress Response
Gene Regulation

Background:

Gadd45 genes are crucial in cellular responses to various stressors.
These genes mediate processes like cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, survival, senescence, and apoptosis.
Gadd45 proteins function as stress sensors through interactions with other cellular proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the deterministic factors governing Gadd45 protein function in cell survival versus apoptosis.
To understand how Gadd45 protein interactions dictate cellular fate under stress conditions.

Main Methods:

Investigated the physical interactions of Gadd45 proteins with key cellular partners.
Analyzed the roles of proteins such as PCNA, p21, cdc2/cyclinB1, and stress kinases (p38, JNK).

More Related Videos

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans

Published on: May 21, 2020

Methods to Classify Cytoplasmic Foci as Mammalian Stress Granules

Methods to Classify Cytoplasmic Foci as Mammalian Stress Granules

Published on: May 12, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Visualization of G3BP Stress Granules Dynamics in Live Primary Cells

Visualization of G3BP Stress Granules Dynamics in Live Primary Cells

Published on: May 21, 2014

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans

Published on: May 21, 2020

Methods to Classify Cytoplasmic Foci as Mammalian Stress Granules

Methods to Classify Cytoplasmic Foci as Mammalian Stress Granules

Published on: May 12, 2017

Main Results:

Gadd45 protein interactions are central to cell cycle regulation and stress response pathways.
Specific protein-protein interactions mediate Gadd45's role in stress signaling.

Conclusions:

The extent of cellular/DNA damage may dictate Gadd45 protein associations with specific partners.
This differential association likely determines whether cells undergo survival or apoptotic pathways.
Further research is needed to fully define the molecular mechanisms underlying Gadd45-mediated cell fate decisions.