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Related Concept Videos

Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Gait Analysis of Age-dependent Motor Impairments in Mice with Neurodegeneration
07:46

Gait Analysis of Age-dependent Motor Impairments in Mice with Neurodegeneration

Published on: June 18, 2018

[Gait and dementias].

P Manckoundia1, F Mourey, P Pfitzenmeyer

  • 1Service de médecine interne gériatrie, hôpital de Champmaillot, CHU de Dijon, Inserm/U887 motricité-plasticité: faculté des sciences du sport, université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France. patrick.manckoundia@chu-dijon.fr

Annales De Readaptation Et De Medecine Physique : Revue Scientifique De La Societe Francaise De Reeducation Fonctionnelle De Readaptation Et De Medecine Physique
|September 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gait disorders are common in primary dementias like Alzheimer's and vascular dementia, impacting daily function. Early detection and tailored rehabilitation programs show promise for improving independence in affected individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Context:

  • Gait and balance disorders are prevalent in primary dementias, significantly affecting patient mobility and independence.
  • Specific gait patterns are associated with different dementia types, including Alzheimer-type dementia, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Parkinson's dementia.

Purpose:

  • To describe the characteristics and consequences of gait disorders in primary dementias.
  • To review current methods for assessing gait and balance in demented individuals.
  • To highlight the positive impact of prevention and rehabilitation strategies on functional independence.

Summary:

  • Prevalence of gait disorders ranges from 9-52% in Alzheimer-type dementia and over 71% in vascular dementia, often serving as an early indicator.
  • Common gait disturbances include frontal gait, apraxic gait, hemiparetic gait, and Parkinsonian gait.
  • Assessment involves sit-to-stand tests, one-leg balance, gait speed, Timed-Up-and-Go, and dual-task tests.

Impact:

  • Motor rehabilitation demonstrates recognized benefits for functional independence in demented individuals.
  • Individualized rehabilitation programs incorporating strength, balance, and cognitive tasks are recommended.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate pathophysiology and establish standardized, evidence-based rehabilitation programs.