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Related Concept Videos

Chickenpox01:20

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. Its transmission occurs primarily through the inhalation of respiratory droplets or direct contact with vesicular fluid from skin lesions. The incubation period typically ranges from 10 to 21 days, during which the virus replicates and disseminates through sequential phases within the host. Although generally self-limiting in children,...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a virus that...
Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Methodology for the Efficient Generation of Fluorescently Tagged Vaccinia Virus Proteins
09:27

Methodology for the Efficient Generation of Fluorescently Tagged Vaccinia Virus Proteins

Published on: January 17, 2014

Vaccinia virus morphogenesis and dissemination.

Kim L Roberts1, Geoffrey L Smith

  • 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.

Trends in Microbiology
|September 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Vaccinia virus, the smallpox vaccine, offers key insights into virus replication and host interactions. Its two infectious forms, intracellular mature virus (IMV) and extracellular enveloped virus (EEV), possess distinct properties influencing the viral life cycle.

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Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Methodology for the Efficient Generation of Fluorescently Tagged Vaccinia Virus Proteins
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Published on: January 17, 2014

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Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1
12:00

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 1

Published on: April 8, 2009

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Vaccinia virus serves as the basis for the smallpox vaccine.
  • It is a extensively researched poxvirus, providing significant understanding of general virus replication.
  • Studies on vaccinia virus illuminate virus interactions with host cells and the immune system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the entry, morphogenesis, and dissemination processes of vaccinia virus.
  • To elucidate the distinct biological properties and roles of the two infectious vaccinia virus particles.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on vaccinia virus.
  • Analysis of viral entry mechanisms.
  • Investigation of viral morphogenesis and assembly.
  • Study of viral dissemination pathways.

Main Results:

  • Vaccinia virus exhibits complex entry, morphogenesis, and dissemination strategies.
  • Two infectious forms exist: intracellular mature virus (IMV) and extracellular enveloped virus (EEV).
  • IMV is a single-membrane particle, while EEV comprises an IMV within a second lipid membrane containing viral antigens.

Conclusions:

  • The distinct structures of IMV and EEV result in different biological properties.
  • These two forms play unique and crucial roles throughout the vaccinia virus life cycle.
  • Understanding these differences is vital for comprehending vaccinia virus pathogenesis and developing antiviral strategies.