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Related Concept Videos

Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management01:25

Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management

Pericarditis, an inflammation of the pericardium, necessitates diligent nursing management to ensure effective patient care and recovery. The initial step in managing pericarditis is a comprehensive patient medical assessment.The patient reports chest pain aggravated by breathing, coughing, and swallowing, which worsens when lying supine. The pain often improves when sitting up and leaning forward. Additional symptoms may include fever, malaise, and, in severe cases, signs of heart failure.
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling
08:25

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling

Published on: April 7, 2015

Pericarditis caused by anaerobic bacteria.

Itzhak Brook1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20016, USA. ib6@georgetown.edu

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
|September 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This review covers anaerobic bacteria causing pericarditis, focusing on diagnosis and management. Key findings highlight increasing antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacilli, necessitating susceptibility testing for effective treatment.

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Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling
08:25

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling

Published on: April 7, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Pericarditis can be caused by anaerobic bacteria, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • Predominant anaerobic pathogens include Bacteroides fragilis group, Peptostreptococcus, Clostridium, Fusobacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Actinomyces species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the microbiology, diagnosis, and management of pericarditis caused by anaerobic bacteria.
  • To highlight the evolving antimicrobial resistance patterns of anaerobic pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on anaerobic pericarditis.
  • Analysis of predominant anaerobic organisms and their sources of infection.
  • Assessment of antimicrobial resistance trends.

Main Results:

  • Anaerobic bacteria cause pericarditis through contiguous spread, endocarditis, hematogenous infection, or direct inoculation.
  • Gram-negative bacilli, particularly the Bacteroides fragilis group, are frequently isolated.
  • Increased resistance to penicillins and other antimicrobials has been observed in anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate identification of anaerobic pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Monitoring beta-lactamase production is essential for guiding antibiotic selection.
  • Management strategies must adapt to rising antimicrobial resistance in anaerobic pericarditis.