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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice
07:33

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Published on: June 29, 2018

Strong coupling between pyramidal cell activity and network oscillations in the olfactory cortex.

P Litaudon1, S Garcia, N Buonviso

  • 1Neurosciences Sensorielles, Comportement, Cognition, CNRS UMR 5020-Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon, 50 avenue Tony Garnier, 69366 Lyon cedex 07, France. litaudon@olfac.univ-lyon1.fr

Neuroscience
|September 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gamma oscillations in the olfactory cortex synchronize with neural spikes, acting as a temporal filter for odor information transfer between brain regions. This phase-coupling enhances signal transmission during specific respiratory moments.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Olfactory System Research
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Oscillatory activity in the olfactory system is crucial for encoding odor representations.
  • Fast oscillations (beta and gamma bands) in local field potentials (LFP) interact with neural spikes.
  • Gamma oscillations may gate information transfer between the olfactory bulb (OB) and anterior piriform cortex (aPC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal relationship between LFP gamma oscillations and single-unit activity in the rat aPC.
  • To determine if gamma oscillations play a gating role in olfactory information processing.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous electrophysiological recording of LFP and single-unit discharges in the rat aPC.
  • Analysis of odor-evoked activity and spike-LFP temporal correlations.

Main Results:

  • Spike discharges and gamma oscillatory bursts were synchronized with the respiratory cycle.
  • Cortical cell spikes exhibited tight phase-coupling with gamma oscillation peaks, independent of odor.
  • This phase-coupling suggests a mechanism for temporal filtering and information gating.

Conclusions:

  • Gamma oscillations act as a temporal filter in the anterior piriform cortex.
  • Phase-coupled spikes from the olfactory bulb may enhance spike emission probability in the aPC within a narrow time window.
  • Spike-LFP phase-coupling might serve as a binding mechanism for olfactory features.