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Structural connectivity influences brain activation during PVSAT in Multiple Sclerosis.

Laura Bonzano1, Matteo Pardini, Gian Luigi Mancardi

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Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients show altered brain activation patterns during attention tasks. White matter damage in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) influences cortical reorganization, revealing distinct MRI endophenotypes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease affecting white matter.
  • Cortical reorganization is a potential mechanism for cognitive compensation in MS.
  • Understanding the relationship between white matter integrity and functional brain changes is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how white matter pathology influences cortical reorganization in the fronto-parietal attention network in MS patients.
  • To explore the role of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) in functional activation patterns.
  • To identify potential MRI-based endophenotypes associated with cognitive function in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Combined Paced Visual Serial Addition Test (PVSAT) with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)-guided fiber tractography (FT).
  • Analyzed brain activation patterns in MS patients and healthy controls during the PVSAT.
  • Assessed white matter integrity using Fractional Anisotropy (FA) of the SLF to define patient subgroups.

Main Results:

  • MS patients exhibited different activation patterns compared to controls, particularly in the inferior parietal lobule and precuneus.
  • The SLF was identified as the primary white matter tract connecting activated regions.
  • MS patients with less damaged SLF showed left-hemisphere activation similar to controls, while those with more damaged SLF displayed bilateral activation, irrespective of PVSAT performance.

Conclusions:

  • White matter integrity, specifically in the SLF, significantly impacts cortical reorganization in MS.
  • fMRI-guided FT can reveal distinct MRI endophenotypes related to cognitive impairment levels.
  • This approach offers insights into structural-functional brain plasticity in neurological disorders.