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Testing Water Quality01:14

Testing Water Quality

When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...

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Necropsy-based Wild Fish Health Assessment
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Assessing estuarine environmental quality using fish-based indices: performance evaluation under climatic

F Martinho1, I Viegas, M Dolbeth

  • 1Institute of Marine Research (IMAR), c/o Department of Zoology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal. fmdm@ci.uc.pt

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Summary

Seasonal variations in ecological quality status (EQS) indices for transitional waters were analyzed, revealing significant differences between methods. The Estuarine Biotic Integrity (EBI) index by Breine et al. showed clear seasonal changes, unlike other indices, highlighting the need for careful index selection in monitoring programs.

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Area of Science:

  • Estuarine Ecology
  • Water Quality Assessment
  • Environmental Monitoring

Background:

  • Transitional waters are ecologically significant but face environmental pressures.
  • Ecological Quality Status (EQS) assessment relies on multimetric indices.
  • Understanding index sensitivity to seasonal variations and extreme events is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate seasonal variations of five multimetric indices for EQS determination in transitional waters.
  • To assess the response of these indices to an extreme drought event in 2005.
  • To compare the performance and identify potential mismatches among selected indices.

Main Methods:

  • Monthly sampling from June 2003 to August 2006 in the Mondego River estuary.
  • Evaluation of five multimetric indices: EBI-Deegan et al., EDI-Borja et al., EFCI-Harrison and Whitfield, EBI-Breine et al., and TFCI-Coates et al.
  • Analysis of interannual and seasonal variations and response to drought conditions.

Main Results:

  • Only the EBI index developed by Breine et al. (2007) demonstrated clear interannual and seasonal variations.
  • EQS assessments varied significantly across indices, ranging from 'Low' to 'High', indicating substantial index mismatch.
  • The study identified limitations in using certain indices for dynamic environmental conditions like seasonal changes and drought.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of multimetric index significantly impacts EQS assessment in transitional waters.
  • The EBI by Breine et al. (2007) appears more sensitive to seasonal dynamics than other evaluated indices.
  • Findings have implications for monitoring strategies and index application under the EU Water Framework Directive.