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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Finite Element Analysis Model for Assessing Expansion Patterns from Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion
07:16

Finite Element Analysis Model for Assessing Expansion Patterns from Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion

Published on: October 20, 2023

Dental arch changes following rapid maxillary expansion.

Sabrina Mutinelli1, Mauro Cozzani, Mario Manfredi

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, University of Ferrara, Italy. sabrinamutinelli@orthodontics.it

European Journal of Orthodontics
|September 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) with a modified Haas appliance effectively widened the upper arch in children with primary dentition issues. Optimal timing for this orthodontic treatment is before permanent lateral incisors erupt.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics and Dental Development
  • Craniofacial Growth and Development

Background:

  • Maxillary crowding and crossbite in the primary dentition can impede normal craniofacial development.
  • Early orthodontic intervention is crucial for addressing developing dental and skeletal discrepancies.
  • Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is a common technique to increase maxillary arch width.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate changes in upper arch dimension and form after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) using a modified Haas appliance in the primary dentition.
  • To identify factors influencing the stability of expansion and favorable treatment timing.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-nine children (mean age 7 years 5 months) with crossbite or maxillary crowding underwent RME with a modified Haas appliance.
  • Upper dental casts were analyzed using computerized Euclidean distance matrix analysis (EDMA) at baseline, appliance removal, and 2 years post-removal.
  • Logistic regression identified favorable patient characteristics for expansion; t-tests and ANOVA analyzed dimensional changes.

Main Results:

  • Significant increases in intercanine width, intermolar width, and arch depth were observed.
  • Arch form changes were noted in 48 patients; 40.82% showed sustained changes, 32.65% relapsed partially, and 24.5% maintained the expanded form.
  • Favorable factors for expansion included being male, immature dental development (unerupted lateral incisors), and presence of a lateral crossbite.

Conclusions:

  • The modified Haas appliance effectively increased the transverse dimension of the maxillary dental arch in the mixed dentition.
  • Treatment timing before the eruption of permanent lateral incisors appears most beneficial for stable expansion.
  • RME with this appliance offers a viable solution for maxillary hypoplasia in the primary dentition.