Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).Mechanisms of Genetic VariationThe original sources of genetic variation are mutations,...
Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.Life is not fair. A deer grazing contentedly in a field can have her meal cut tragically short by a bolt of lightning. If the doomed doe is one of only three in the population, 1/3 of the population’s gene pool is lost. Random events like this can...
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Frameless trigeminal neuralgia radiosurgery with a dedicated linear accelerator: From equipment commissioning to initial clinical results].

Cancer radiotherapie : journal de la Societe francaise de radiotherapie oncologique·2024
Same author

Reliability of panel-based mutational signatures for immune-checkpoint-inhibition efficacy prediction in non-small cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2023
Same author

Using genomic scars to select immunotherapy beneficiaries in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Scientific reports·2023
Same author

A survey on the experience of risk-taking behaviors of bedridden patients in neurosurgery.

Neuro-Chirurgie·2023
Same author

New insights on commemoration of the dead through mortuary and architectural use of pigments at Neolithic Çatalhöyük, Turkey.

Scientific reports·2022
Same author

Neural correlates of consciousness and related disorders: From phenotypic descriptors of behavioral and relative consciousness to cortico-subcortical circuitry.

Neuro-Chirurgie·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

Evolution of primate gene expression: drift and corrective sweeps?

R Chaix1, M Somel, D P Kreil

  • 1Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Genetics
|September 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Gene expression evolution in primates shows a consistent skew, favoring gene up-regulation. This study introduces mathematical models to confirm this pattern and suggests a "corrective sweep" mechanism driving primate evolution.

More Related Videos

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster
08:19

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: December 19, 2011

A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq
07:09

A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq

Published on: May 28, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster
08:19

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: December 19, 2011

A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq
07:09

A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq

Published on: May 28, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Gene expression changes are crucial for species evolution.
  • Previous studies suggested a skewed pattern in primate gene expression evolution, with more up-regulations than down-regulations.
  • Lack of robust mathematical models hindered rigorous analysis of these evolutionary patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply mathematical models for analyzing gene expression evolution.
  • To rigorously test previous observations on skewed gene expression changes in primates.
  • To investigate the evolutionary rates of brain-expressed genes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a mathematical model for skewed gene expression evolution within phylogenetic trees.
  • Implementation of a separate model to handle biological or experimental outliers.
  • Utilizing a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo inference procedure for parameter estimation and confidence quantification.

Main Results:

  • Strong evidence supporting a sustained positive skew in gene expression changes during primate evolution.
  • Confirmation of previous findings regarding the skewed distribution of gene expression alterations.
  • Identification of evolutionary parameters and phylogenetic inferences with quantified confidence.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms a significant skew towards gene up-regulation in primate evolution.
  • A "corrective sweep" scenario is proposed as a potential explanation for the observed evolutionary pattern.
  • The developed mathematical framework provides a robust tool for studying gene expression evolution.