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Related Concept Videos

Burn Injuries01:22

Burn Injuries

Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Phases of Wound Repair01:28

Phases of Wound Repair

Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
Formation of Blood Clot
In case of deep injuries, trauma to blood vessels results in blood loss. In the meantime, phospholipids released from the ruptured endothelial cellular membrane are converted into arachidonic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Severe Burn Injury in a Swine Model for Clinical Dressing Assessment
07:45

Severe Burn Injury in a Swine Model for Clinical Dressing Assessment

Published on: November 6, 2018

Pathophysiologic response to severe burn injury.

Marc G Jeschke1, David L Chinkes, Celeste C Finnerty

  • 1Shriners Hospitals for Children, University Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA. majeschk@utmb.edu

Annals of Surgery
|September 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Severe burn injuries in children cause prolonged hypermetabolism, muscle protein loss, and organ dysfunction. This study reveals the complex and extended nature of the postburn pathophysiologic response, impacting clinical outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Burn injury pathophysiology
  • Pediatric critical care
  • Metabolic and endocrine responses

Background:

  • Severe burn injuries induce hypermetabolism and catabolism, increasing morbidity and mortality.
  • The detailed pathophysiology and humoral changes postburn remain incompletely understood.
  • Understanding these responses is crucial for improving clinical outcomes in pediatric burn patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complex pathophysiologic response following severe burn injuries in pediatric patients.
  • To identify new therapeutic strategies by elucidating the postburn hypermetabolic and catabolic state.
  • To correlate humoral changes with organ function and clinical outcomes in a large cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, single-center clinical trial involving 242 severely burned pediatric patients (>30% TBSA).
  • Comprehensive data collection including demographics, clinical course, serum hormones, cytokine profiles, organ function, and body composition.
  • Exclusion of patients receiving anabolic drugs to focus on the natural disease process.

Main Results:

  • Patients exhibited marked hypermetabolism and significant muscle protein loss (negative net balance, loss of lean body mass).
  • Bone mineral content and density decreased, cardiac function was compromised, and insulin resistance developed and persisted.
  • Hyperinflammation was evident, with elevated cytokines (IL-8, MCP-1, IL-6) correlating with increased infection and sepsis rates.

Conclusions:

  • The postburn pathophysiologic response is profound, complex, and more protracted than previously recognized.
  • These derangements significantly impact multiple organ systems and contribute to adverse clinical outcomes.
  • Findings underscore the need for advanced therapeutic interventions to manage the long-term consequences of severe burn injuries.