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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies01:28

Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:27

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

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IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging01:19

Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging

DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...

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Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition
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Diffusion tensor imaging of the kidney with parallel imaging: initial clinical experience.

Mike Notohamiprodjo1, Christian Glaser, Karin A Herrmann

  • 1Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospitals Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany. mike.notohamiprodjo@med.uni-muenchen.de

Investigative Radiology
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Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the kidney is clinically feasible, distinguishing between cortex and medulla and visualizing medullary flow. DTI shows altered apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in renal pathologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Renal Physiology
  • Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Background:

  • Kidney imaging requires advanced techniques to assess function and structure.
  • Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) offers insights into tissue microstructure and water diffusion patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the clinical feasibility of kidney Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI).
  • To evaluate DTI's ability to differentiate renal structures and detect pathological changes.

Main Methods:

  • Breath-hold, fat-saturated echo-planar DTI at 1.5 T with parallel imaging (acceleration factor 2).
  • Regions of interest placed in cortex, medulla, and renal masses for Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) measurement.
  • Tractography used to visualize renal diffusion properties.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in FA and ADC between renal cortex and medulla observed in volunteers.
  • Tractography visualized medullary flow direction and renal cell carcinoma structures.
  • Altered FA and ADC values noted in simple renal cysts, renal cell carcinoma, and a case of renal artery stenosis.

Conclusions:

  • Kidney DTI is feasible within a single breath-hold using parallel imaging, enabling good cortex-medulla discrimination.
  • DTI can visualize medullary flow and detect alterations in FA and ADC in renal pathologies.
  • Further research is needed to establish DTI's role in monitoring renal ultrastructure.