Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is the combination of analytical techniques of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in a single instrument for analyzing a mixture of compounds. The gas chromatograph separates the compounds in the mixture, and the mass spectrometer analyzes each compound separately to determine the molecular masses and molecular structures.
A gas chromatograph consists of a long, narrow capillary column with a polysiloxane coating on the inner wall. The coating...

Gas Chromatography: Introduction

Gas Chromatography: Introduction

Gas chromatography (GC) is a technique for separating and analyzing volatile compounds in a sample. Its primary purpose is to identify and quantify components in complex mixtures, making it essential in fields such as environmental analysis, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals. GC is also called vapor-phase chromatography (VPC) or gas-liquid partition chromatography (GLPC).
In GC, a sample is vaporized and mixed with an inert carrier gas (the mobile phase), which transports it through a column.

Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors

Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors

Detectors in gas chromatography (GC) help identify and quantify the components of a mixture by translating chemical properties into measurable signals, which are displayed on a chromatogram. Detectors can be categorized into two main types: destructive and non-destructive.
A non-destructive detector allows a sample to be analyzed without altering or consuming it, meaning the sample can be collected after detection for further analysis. Examples include thermal conductivity detectors and...

Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems

Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems

In gas chromatography, the sample is introduced as a vapor plug into the carrier gas stream for high efficiency and resolution. A microsyringe injects the sample solution into a heated sample port, vaporizing it and mixing it with the carrier gas. This process is important to ensure the sample is properly prepared for analysis. Thermally sensitive samples can be injected directly into the column and volatilized by slowly increasing the column temperature.
Two primary injection methods are used...

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I

There are different types of detectors used in gas chromatography, each with its own specific properties that make it suitable for detecting certain types of analytes. The most commonly used detectors in GC are thermal conductivity detector (TCD), flame ionization detector (FID), and electron capture detector (ECD).
TCD is the earliest and most widely used detector that operates by measuring the changes in the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas. When a sample compound enters the detector,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Coil-Tag Conjugation: A Next Gen Site-Specific ADC Fabrication Technology.

Bioconjugate insights·2026

Same author

Exosome-mimetic nanocarriers in cancer diagnosis and drug delivery: engineering strategies, functional biomimicry, safety considerations, and clinical translation.

Journal of nanobiotechnology·2026

Same author

Novel use of <i>Quillaja saponaria</i> extracts to prevent viral infections in Atlantic salmon: <i>in vitro</i> ISAv and IPNv inhibition and <i>in vivo</i> protection against IPNv.

Frontiers in veterinary science·2026

Same author

Ginsenoside Rg1 as a Multifunctional Therapeutic Agent: Pharmacological Properties, Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives in Complementary Medicine.

Food science & nutrition·2026

Same author

A novel no-wash (homogenous) high-throughput toxicity assay on primary cells.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2025

Same author

Comparing the Clinical Outcomes and Child Opportunity Index of Patients With Congenital Talipes Equinovarus After Early Treatment (<4 Wk Old) and Late Treatment (≥ 4 Wk Old).

Journal of pediatric orthopedics·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Qualitative Characterization of the Aqueous Fraction from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae Using 2D Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Qualitative Characterization of the Aqueous Fraction from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae Using 2D Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 6, 2016

Multidimensional gas chromatography with capillary flow technology and LTM-GC.

Jim Luong¹, Ronda Gras, Grace Yang

¹Dow Chemical Canada, Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta, Canada. luong@dow.com

Journal of Separation Science

|September 16, 2008

Summary

Two-dimensional gas chromatography (2-D GC) combined with low thermal mass GC (LTM-GC) and capillary flow technology significantly enhances separation power and analytical throughput. This advanced technique effectively resolves challenging coeluting compounds, improving analytical performance in research and industry.

More Related Videos

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Published on: September 2, 2020

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

Measurement of H₂S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

Published on: December 10, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Qualitative Characterization of the Aqueous Fraction from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae Using 2D Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Qualitative Characterization of the Aqueous Fraction from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae Using 2D Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 6, 2016

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Published on: September 2, 2020

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

Measurement of H₂S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

Published on: December 10, 2015

Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Chromatography

Background:

Two-dimensional gas chromatography (2-D GC) offers improved separation resolution and selectivity over one-dimensional GC.
Conventional 2-D GC faced limitations in reliability and implementation due to deficiencies in older technologies.
Advancements in electronic pressure control and capillary flow technology have addressed many of these issues.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate the benefits of integrating Low Thermal Mass Gas Chromatography (LTM-GC) with capillary flow technology for enhanced 2-D GC performance.
To showcase the improved separation power and faster throughput achievable with the combined techniques.
To highlight the resolution of previously coeluting critical compounds using this advanced system.

Main Methods:

Integration of Low Thermal Mass Gas Chromatography (LTM-GC) with capillary flow technology.
Utilizing independent temperature control for each dimension in the 2-D GC system.
Application of the enhanced system to resolve challenging alkyl naphthalene isomers.

Main Results:

Achieved significant enhancements in 2-D GC system performance, including faster throughput via rapid heating and cooling.
Demonstrated independent temperature control for each dimension, maximizing separation power.
Successfully resolved coeluting alkyl naphthalene isomers (2,3-dimethyl and 1,4-dimethyl naphthalene) with a resolution of R = 5.2.

Conclusions:

The combination of capillary flow technology and LTM-GC provides major enhancements to conventional 2-D GC.
This synergistic approach offers improved analytical capabilities for both research and industrial applications.
The technique proves effective in resolving complex mixtures and improving overall analytical efficiency.