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Related Concept Videos

Streptococcal Pharyngitis01:27

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as “strep throat,” is an acute infection of the oropharyngeal tissues caused by the Gram‑positive Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, or talking.Mechanisms of Host Entry and Immune EvasionUpon entering the host, S. pyogenes adheres to the mucosal epithelial cells of the pharynx via surface proteins, notably lipoteichoic acid and the antiphagocytic...
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
10:27

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

Published on: December 15, 2011

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis superimposed on IgA nephropathy.

B J Lim1, K S Suh, K R Na

  • 1Department of Pathology, Lancer Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Moonhwa-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, Korea.

Clinical Nephrology
|September 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) superimposed on IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is rare. This case highlights how PSGN can present during IgAN, with renal biopsies showing distinct changes and implications for persistent kidney symptoms.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
10:27

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

Published on: December 15, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunopathology

Background:

  • IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by mesangial IgA deposition.
  • Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is an acute kidney injury typically following a streptococcal infection.

Observation:

  • A 30-year-old male with a 7-month history of intermittent hematuria was diagnosed with IgA nephropathy via renal biopsy.
  • Two months later, the patient developed acute nephritic syndrome, marked by edema, proteinuria, hematuria, elevated ASO titer, and low C3 levels.
  • A second renal biopsy revealed acute PSGN with specific glomerular changes, and the original IgA deposits were no longer evident.

Findings:

  • The case demonstrates the uncommon superimposition of PSGN on established IgA nephropathy.
  • Renal biopsy findings evolved from IgAN to acute PSGN, with distinct histological and immunofluorescence characteristics.
  • Resolution of acute PSGN symptoms occurred, but microscopic hematuria and proteinuria persisted.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the diagnostic challenge of differentiating primary IgAN from superimposed PSGN.
  • Persistent proteinuria or hematuria following PSGN may indicate an underlying or coexisting IgA nephropathy.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management of glomerulonephritis.