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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Transduction01:16

Transduction

Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using Poly(I:C) to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring
09:09

Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using Poly(I:C) to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring

Published on: August 17, 2022

Translational Research Working Group developmental pathway for immune response modifiers.

Martin A Cheever1, Jeffrey Schlom, Louis M Weiner

  • 1Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
|September 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Translational Research Working Group (TRWG) evaluated National Cancer Institute

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Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using Poly(I:C) to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring
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Generation of Immature, Mature and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells with Differing Metabolic Phenotypes

Published on: June 22, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Translational Research
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • The National Cancer Institute (NCI) established the Translational Research Working Group (TRWG) to assess current investments and future directions in translational cancer research.
  • Translational research aims to bridge the gap between laboratory discoveries and clinical applications.
  • The TRWG identified six key developmental pathways within translational research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the NCI's investment in translational research.
  • To conceptualize the future of translational research.
  • To discuss challenges in developing immune response modifiers within a defined pathway.

Main Methods:

  • The TRWG conceptualized translational research as a series of developmental pathways.
  • One pathway focuses on the development of immune response modifiers (e.g., vaccines, cytokines).
  • This pathway serves as a tool to guide candidate assays toward clinical testing.

Main Results:

  • The Immune Response Modifier Developmental Pathway emphasizes coordinated development of multiple components.
  • This pathway is a conceptual model, not an exhaustive depiction of real-world processes.
  • The paper examines challenges in immune response modifier agent development using this pathway framework.

Conclusions:

  • The Immune Response Modifier Pathway provides a structured approach for advancing immunotherapies.
  • Coordinated development is crucial for successful immune response modifier agents.
  • Addressing key challenges within this pathway is essential for efficient clinical translation.