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Related Concept Videos

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
Microtubules in Signaling01:22

Microtubules in Signaling

The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...

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Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis
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Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis

Published on: January 31, 2025

Hedgehog: functions and mechanisms.

Markku Varjosalo1, Jussi Taipale

  • 1Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute (KTL), and Genome-Scale Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine and High Throughput Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.

Genes & Development
|September 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway regulates cell development and tissue patterning. Dysregulation of this pathway is implicated in developmental disorders and cancer, highlighting its therapeutic potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The Hedgehog (Hh) protein family is crucial for vertebrate development, controlling cell growth, survival, and fate.
  • Hh signaling complexity arises from context-dependent cellular responses influenced by Hh dose and exposure time.
  • Proteins involved in Hh processing, secretion, and transport shape the morphogen gradient, while feedback loops fine-tune cellular responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway.
  • To explore the mechanisms of Hh action, its cellular and developmental functions.
  • To review the role of Hh in human diseases and potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on Hh signaling mechanisms.
  • It examines cellular responses, feedback loops, and gradient formation.
  • The review also covers Hh's role in developmental disorders and cancer pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Hh signaling is essential for patterning the vertebrate body plan.
  • Cellular responses to Hh are modulated by cell type, Hh dose, and exposure duration.
  • Mutations in the Hh pathway are linked to developmental abnormalities and human cancers.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding Hh signaling is vital for comprehending normal development and disease.
  • The Hh pathway presents opportunities for therapeutic interventions in cancer and developmental disorders.
  • Further research into Hh mechanisms can unlock new treatment possibilities.