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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature01:27

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature

Atomization, converting samples into gas-phase atoms and ions, is essential for atomic spectroscopy. The flame temperature required for atomization affects the efficiency of the atomic spectroscopic methods by increasing the atomization efficiency and the relative population of the excited and ground states.
At thermal equilibrium, the relative populations of excited and ground state atoms can be estimated using the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. For example, an increase in temperature from...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...

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Terahertz Imaging and Characterization Protocol for Freshly Excised Breast Cancer Tumors
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Published on: April 5, 2020

All-semiconductor room-temperature terahertz time domain spectrometer.

Zakaria Mihoubi1, Keith G Wilcox, Stephen Elsmere

  • 1School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.

Optics Letters
|September 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study presents the first all-semiconductor room-temperature terahertz time-domain spectrometer. This new spectrometer achieves a nearly 1 THz bandwidth, resolving water absorption lines.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Spectroscopy
  • Solid-State Physics

Background:

  • Terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) is a powerful technique for material characterization.
  • Traditional THz-TDS systems often rely on bulky and expensive components, limiting their accessibility and practical applications.
  • Developing compact, cost-effective, and robust THz-TDS systems is crucial for widespread adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the first all-semiconductor terahertz time-domain spectrometer operating at room temperature.
  • To showcase the potential of integrated semiconductor devices for THz spectroscopy.
  • To achieve a broad spectral bandwidth for detailed analysis of THz absorption features.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing an optical Stark mode-locked vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) generating 480 fs pulses at 1044 nm.
  • Employing low-temperature-grown (LTG) photoconductive antennas (PCAs) with 5 µm-gap bow-tie electrodes as THz emitters and detectors.
  • Coherent detection of the emitted THz radiation to reconstruct the time-domain signal and derive the frequency spectrum.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of an all-semiconductor THz time-domain spectrometer operating at room temperature.
  • Achieved a coherently detected spectrum with a bandwidth approaching 1 THz.
  • Resolved distinct water absorption lines at 0.555 THz and 0.751 THz within the measured spectrum.

Conclusions:

  • The developed all-semiconductor THz-TDS system represents a significant advancement in THz spectroscopy technology.
  • This room-temperature, compact spectrometer offers a promising alternative to conventional THz systems.
  • The ability to resolve molecular absorption lines highlights the system's potential for various applications in sensing and material analysis.