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Related Concept Videos

Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

Antibody Structure and Classes

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
Affinity and Avidity01:41

Affinity and Avidity

Overview
Hybridoma Technology01:31

Hybridoma Technology

Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
Hybridoma Selection
Commonly used fusion techniques — electroporation, polyethylene glycol...

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Targeted Antibody Blocking by a Dual-Functional Conjugate of Antigenic Peptide and Fc-III Mimetics (DCAF)
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Targeted Antibody Blocking by a Dual-Functional Conjugate of Antigenic Peptide and Fc-III Mimetics (DCAF)

Published on: September 17, 2019

The anti-cloak.

Huanyang Chen1, Xudong Luo, Hongru Ma

  • 1Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. kenyon@ust.hk

Optics Express
|September 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new "anti-cloak" material can partially undo invisibility cloaks, making cloaked objects visible. This transformation medium allows external electromagnetic waves to penetrate the cloak, revealing the object within.

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Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Metamaterials
  • Electromagnetism
  • Optical cloaking

Background:

  • Invisibility cloaks aim to render objects undetectable by bending electromagnetic waves around them.
  • Complete cloaking remains a significant challenge, with potential for partial detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel transformation medium, termed "anti-cloak," designed to counteract the cloaking effect.
  • To investigate the partial defeat of invisibility cloaking using this new material.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical proposal of the "anti-cloak" material.
  • Analysis using Fourier-Bessel transforms to study electromagnetic wave propagation.

Main Results:

  • An object coated with the "anti-cloak" and an invisibility cloak becomes visible externally.
  • External electromagnetic waves demonstrate penetration into the cloaked region with the aid of the anti-cloak.

Conclusions:

  • The "anti-cloak" material effectively compromises the performance of invisibility cloaks.
  • This research opens avenues for controlling electromagnetic wave manipulation and detection.