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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Chinese Herbal Retention Enema for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis

Chinese Herbal Retention Enema for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis

Published on: May 16, 2025

Nicotine enemas for active Crohn's colitis: an open pilot study.

J R Ingram¹, J Rhodes, B K Evans

¹Department of Gastroenterology, Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK.

Gastroenterology Research and Practice

|September 17, 2008

Summary

Nicotine enemas showed clinical benefit for most patients with active Crohn's colitis, reducing disease activity and inflammation markers. This treatment was well-tolerated and safe in this pilot study.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Chinese Herbal Retention Enema for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis

Chinese Herbal Retention Enema for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis

Published on: May 16, 2025

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Pharmacology

Background:

Smoking negatively impacts Crohn's disease (CD), but non-nicotine factors may be responsible.
Transdermal nicotine shows benefits in ulcerative colitis (UC), suggesting potential for CD.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nicotine enemas for active Crohn's colitis.

Main Methods:

An open pilot study administered 6 mg nicotine enemas daily for 4 weeks to patients with active rectosigmoid CD.
Assessed Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI), sigmoidoscopy, and inflammatory markers before and after treatment.

Main Results:

Mean CDAI decreased from 202 to 153, with improvement in 6/10 patients.
Bowel movement frequency reduced in 8 patients, and sigmoidoscopy grade improved in 7.
Mean C-reactive protein levels dropped from 22.0 to 12.3 mg/L; no adverse event withdrawals.

Conclusions:

Nicotine enemas demonstrated clinical benefit in the majority of patients with active Crohn's colitis.
The treatment was safe and well-tolerated in this patient cohort.