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Related Concept Videos

Integrins01:10

Integrins

Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
Some ECM proteins assemble into a basement membrane to which the remaining components adhere. Proteoglycans typically form the bulk of the ECM while fibrous proteins, like collagen,...
Activation of Integrins01:15

Activation of Integrins

Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
The Integrin family of proteins is primarily  involved in a...
Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
The Integrin family of proteins is primarily  involved in a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes
09:14

Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes

Published on: June 13, 2014

Regulation of T cell integrin function by adapter proteins.

Rebecca G Baker1, Gary A Koretzky

  • 1Leonard and Madlyn Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

Immunologic Research
|September 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Adapter proteins regulate integrin activity in T cells, controlling cell migration and function. This research explores how these proteins mediate signals from the T cell receptor and integrins.

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Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Integrins are crucial cell surface receptors involved in T cell development, migration, and effector functions.
  • Integrin activity is regulated by signaling pathways, particularly in response to T cell receptor and chemokine receptor engagement.
  • Resting T cells exhibit low-affinity integrins, which are activated upon stimulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of adapter proteins in regulating T cell integrin signaling.
  • To elucidate how adapter proteins mediate inside-out signaling from the T cell receptor to integrins.
  • To understand how adapter proteins control outside-in signaling from integrins into the T cell.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on the signaling pathways involving adapter proteins and T cell integrins.
  • Investigating intracellular signal transduction mechanisms.
  • Analyzing the regulation of integrin affinity and T cell responses.

Main Results:

  • Adapter proteins are key mediators in the bidirectional signaling of T cell integrins.
  • These proteins modulate the affinity of integrins in response to cellular signals.
  • Altered integrin signaling impacts T cell morphology and motility.

Conclusions:

  • Adapter proteins play a critical role in T cell integrin-mediated processes.
  • Understanding these signaling pathways is essential for T cell immunology.
  • This research provides insights into the molecular mechanisms governing T cell adhesion and migration.