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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Sympathetic Activation01:16

Sympathetic Activation

The sympathetic division can influence tissues and organs by releasing norepinephrine at peripheral synapses and distributing epinephrine and norepinephrine through the bloodstream. In times of crisis or stress, sympathetic activation occurs, which is regulated by sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus. As a result, sympathetic activation prepares the body for physical exertion, rapid ATP production, and heightened alertness, allowing individuals to respond effectively to challenging or...
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...

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Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
10:10

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Published on: February 15, 2022

Sympathetic ophthalmia.

Claudia Patricia Castiblanco1, Ron A Adelman

  • 1Retina Service, Yale University Eye Center, 330 Cedar Street, Boardman Building 110, New Haven, CT 06510-3218, USA.

Graefe'S Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology = Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Fur Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie
|September 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is a rare autoimmune eye inflammation following injury or surgery. Prompt treatment with corticosteroids and immunomodulators offers a good visual prognosis for the fellow eye.

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Published on: February 15, 2022

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Published on: August 4, 2022

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is a rare, bilateral, granulomatous uveitis.
  • It develops after ocular trauma or surgery, potentially affecting the fellow eye.
  • Vitreoretinal surgery is an emerging risk factor for SO.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review patient demographics, clinical presentation, therapies, and visual outcomes in sympathetic ophthalmia.
  • To identify risk factors and assess treatment efficacy for SO.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of Medline-searched case reports of sympathetic ophthalmia.
  • Analysis of patient demographics, clinical findings, treatments, and visual acuity.

Main Results:

  • Eighty-six patients with SO were reviewed; 62% were male, average age 46.
  • Ocular injury (47%) and surgery (44%, including 21% pars plana vitrectomy) were primary causes.
  • Most patients received corticosteroids (95%) and immunomodulators (75%), with ~70% achieving improved vision in the fellow eye.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt evaluation and treatment are crucial for favorable visual outcomes in SO.
  • Ocular surgeries, particularly vitreoretinal and cyclodestructive procedures, are identified risk factors.
  • Current management with corticosteroids and immunomodulators yields a relatively good visual prognosis.