Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

MTV-guided radiotherapy bridging in large B-cell lymphoma patients receiving CD19 CAR T-cell therapy.

British journal of haematology·2025

Same author

Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy in patients with high-risk locally advanced cervical cancer-results of a clinical series.

Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al]·2025

Same author

CBCT-based online adaptive radiotherapy of the prostate bed: first clinical experience and comparison to nonadaptive conventional IGRT.

Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al]·2024

Same author

A literature review and expert consensus statement on diagnostics in suspected metal implant allergy.

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV·2024

Same author

Prevalence of dermatitis including allergic contact dermatitis from medical devices used by children and adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and questionnaire study.

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV·2024

Same author

Improved outcomes of large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with CD19 CAR T in the UK over time.

British journal of haematology·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response

Published on: October 3, 2019

Methyldibromoglutaronitrile allergy: relationship between patch test and repeated open application test thresholds.

L A Fischer¹, J D Johansen, T Menné

¹The National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, Ledreborg Allé 40, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark. loarfi01@geh.regionh.dk

The British Journal of Dermatology

|September 18, 2008

Summary

The patch test is less sensitive for detecting Methyldibromoglutaronitrile (MDBGN) allergy per application compared to the repeated open application test (ROAT). However, accumulated MDBGN doses in ROAT show similar detection rates to patch tests, crucial for risk assessment.

More Related Videos

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity

Published on: September 16, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response

Published on: October 3, 2019

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity

Published on: September 16, 2011

Area of Science:

Dermatology
Allergology
Toxicology

Background:

Methyldibromoglutaronitrile (MDBGN) is a cosmetic preservative approved in the 1980s.
MDBGN allergy incidence rose in the 1990s but is now declining due to regulatory actions.
Previous studies suggest a link between patch test and repeated open application test (ROAT) reactivity for allergens.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between elicitation threshold doses for single occluded exposure and repeated open application.
To compare patch test and ROAT reactivity using Methyldibromoglutaronitrile (MDBGN) as the allergen.

Main Methods:

Eighteen MDBGN-allergic subjects underwent patch testing and ROAT with MDBGN dilution series over 21 days.
Seventeen non-allergic individuals served as controls for the ROAT.
The study evaluated response frequencies based on MDBGN concentration and application frequency.

Main Results:

The response frequency per application was significantly higher in ROAT compared to the patch test.
The response frequency for accumulated MDBGN doses in ROAT over 1, 2, and 3 weeks closely matched the patch test response frequency.
No statistically significant difference was found between patch test and accumulated ROAT dose response frequencies.

Conclusions:

Patch testing shows lower elicitation frequency for MDBGN allergy than single ROAT applications.
Accumulated MDBGN doses in ROAT yield response frequencies comparable to patch tests.
Findings are significant for refining risk assessment strategies for MDBGN and similar allergens.