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Eccentric Loading

Eccentric Loading

Eccentric loading is a crucial concept in the study of structural engineering and mechanics, particularly when analyzing the stability and stress distribution in columns. Unlike centric loading, where the force is applied along the centroidal axis, causing uniform compression, eccentric loading occurs when a force is applied off-center. This off-center application introduces not only direct compressive stress but also bending stress, significantly influencing the column's behavior under load.

Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry

Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry

Eccentric axial loading occurs when an axial load is applied away from the centroidal axis of a structural member. This scenario is common in engineering, where structural elements may not be directly aligned due to various design or functional requirements.

Muscles that Move the Leg

Muscles that Move the Leg

The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed to...

General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading

General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading

Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from symmetrical bending, which are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions.
Consider a member subjected to equal and opposite forces that are applied along a line that does not coincide with the member's neutral axis. In unsymmetrical bending,...

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations

Published on: May 1, 2018

Eccentric/Concentric torque deficits in the quadriceps muscle.

E Trudelle-Jackson, N B Meske, C Highgenboten

The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy

|January 1, 1989

Summary

Many healthy individuals have an eccentric/concentric torque deficit in leg extension. This finding challenges previous research linking this deficit to anterior knee pain and its treatment.

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Sports Medicine
Orthopedics

Background:

Eccentric and concentric torque deficits are often assessed in clinical settings.
Previous research suggests a link between these deficits and anterior knee pain.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the prevalence of eccentric/concentric torque deficits in asymptomatic individuals.
To evaluate the functional implications of these deficits in a healthy population.

Main Methods:

105 asymptomatic subjects (mean age 23.51) were tested.
Maximum eccentric and concentric torque during leg extension was measured using a KIN-COM dynamometer.
Testing involved an 80-degree range of motion at 50 degrees/sec velocity.

Main Results:

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Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans

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Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations

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Isometric and Eccentric Force Generation Assessment of Skeletal Muscles Isolated from Murine Models of Muscular Dystrophies

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35-54% of asymptomatic subjects exhibited an eccentric/concentric torque deficit.
The prevalence varied based on sex and the leg tested.
A deficit was defined as eccentric torque being ≤85% of concentric torque at any point in the range of motion.

Conclusions:

A significant percentage of asymptomatic individuals possess eccentric/concentric torque deficits.
These findings raise questions about the clinical validity of previous research on anterior knee pain.
The assumption that correcting such deficits alleviates pain may need re-evaluation.