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Related Concept Videos

Retrieval01:12

Retrieval

Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
Recall involves accessing information without cues, such as during an essay test, where individuals must retrieve facts and concepts from memory unaided. Another example is remembering the name of a colleague...
Explicit Memories01:27

Explicit Memories

Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Storage01:23

Storage

A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

Material-specific neural correlates of memory retrieval.

Yee Y Yick1, Edward L Wilding

  • 1Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK. yickyy@cardiff.ac.uk

Neuroreport
|September 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Neural activity during memory retrieval reflects online information recovery. Material-specific brain activity for words and faces emerged as early as recollection, supporting real-time memory processing.

More Related Videos

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroscience of Memory

Background:

  • Neural activity during memory retrieval is known to vary based on the type of information retrieved.
  • It remains debated whether this neural activity reflects real-time information recovery or subsequent processing stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether neural activity during memory retrieval occurs in real-time or post-retrieval.
  • To differentiate between online information recovery and downstream processing using event-related potentials (ERPs).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized event-related potentials (ERPs) to analyze neural activity during memory retrieval.
  • Compared ERP correlates of successful memory retrieval for different types of information (words vs. faces).
  • Examined the timing of material-specific neural activity relative to a material-independent index of recollection (left-parietal ERP old/new effect).

Main Results:

  • Material-specific neural activity associated with successful memory retrieval was observed.
  • This material-specific activity onset occurred as early as the left-parietal ERP old/new effect.
  • Findings indicate that neural processes for different information types begin concurrently with general recollection signals.

Conclusions:

  • Material-specific neural activity during memory retrieval likely indexes the online recovery of encoded information.
  • The brain engages in real-time processing of specific information types during recollection.
  • Supports an online model of memory retrieval where distinct neural signatures emerge rapidly.