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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

Published on: March 13, 2017

Microfluidic electroporative flow cytometry for studying single-cell biomechanics.

Ning Bao¹, Yihong Zhan, Chang Lu

¹Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.

Analytical Chemistry

|September 19, 2008

Summary

This study introduces electroporative flow cytometry (EFC) for high-throughput single-cell biomechanics analysis. EFC measures cell deformability and cytoskeleton mechanics, aiding cancer diagnosis and staging.

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Area of Science:

Cellular Biomechanics
Microfluidics
Cancer Diagnostics

Background:

Cellular biomechanical properties are crucial indicators of disease states like cancer transformation and metastasis.
Current single-cell biomechanical analysis methods lack the throughput for statistically significant population studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a high-throughput method for single-cell biomechanical property analysis.
To assess cell deformability and cytoskeleton mechanics using microfluidics-based electroporative flow cytometry (EFC).

Main Methods:

Applied microfluidics-based electroporative flow cytometry (EFC) combining electroporation and flow cytometry.
Measured real-time cell swelling during flow-through electroporation as an indicator of deformability.
Tested three cell types (MCF-10A, MCF-7, and TPA-treated MCF-7) with varying malignancy and metastatic potential.

Main Results:

EFC achieved a throughput of approximately 5 cells/s, significantly higher than existing methods.
More malignant and metastatic cell types exhibited greater swelling, indicating higher deformability.
Disruption of microtubules with colchicine altered EFC results, confirming sensitivity to cytoskeleton mechanics.
The most metastatic cell type showed increased cell death, likely due to substantial swelling and membrane rupture.

Conclusions:

EFC is a novel, high-throughput technique for examining single-cell biomechanics.
EFC provides valuable insights into cytoskeleton dynamics.
EFC holds promise for clinical applications in cancer diagnosis and staging.