Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines
Published on: January 3, 2018
Novozyme 435-catalyzed efficient acylation of 3-n-butylphthalide in organic medium
1Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, P R China.
Abstract:
Novozyme 435 could catalyze efficient acylation of 3-n-butylphthalide in organic medium. The conversion of 3-n-butylphthalide increased with the increase of hydrophobicity of solvent below that of hexane. The more available solvent was hexane. Salt hydride could control fixed water activity. The optimum water activity was 0.62. And the optimum of reaction time, velocity of agitation, dosage of Novozyme 435 and acetic anhydride to 3-n-butylphtrhalide molar ratio were 48 hours, 150 rpm, 8 mg/mL and 8:1, respectively. The conversion of 48.9% could be obtained at a water activity of 0.62 in hexane. Furthermore, Novozyme 435 had an enantioselective acylation of racemic 3-n-butylphthalide by original analysis.
Related Concept Videos
α-Bromination of Carboxylic Acids: Hell–Volhard–Zelinski Reaction
Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Friedel–Crafts Acylation of Benzene
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane
Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis

