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Colloidal precipitates

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Determination of the Settling Rate of Clay/Cyanobacterial Floccules

Determination of the Settling Rate of Clay/Cyanobacterial Floccules

Published on: June 11, 2018

Interaction of nanometric clay platelets.

Bo Jönsson¹, C Labbez, B Cabane

¹Theoretical Chemistry, Chemical Center, POB 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|September 20, 2008

Summary

Monte Carlo simulations reveal clay platelet interactions in electrolyte solutions. Salt concentration dictates phase behavior, shifting from repulsive gels to attractive gels and precipitation.

Area of Science:

Colloid and Surface Science
Computational Materials Science
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Understanding clay platelet interactions is crucial for predicting the behavior of clay suspensions.
Nanometric clay platelets in electrolyte solutions exhibit complex interactions influenced by charge distribution and salt concentration.

Purpose of the Study:

To calculate the free energy of interaction between nanometric clay platelets in electrolyte solutions.
To investigate the influence of salt concentration on clay platelet configuration and phase behavior.
To derive macroscopic properties like yield stress and elasticity modulus from microscopic interactions.

Main Methods:

Utilized Monte Carlo simulations to model interactions between charged clay platelets.

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Employed direct integration of the configurational integral for free energy calculations.

Modeled platelets as collections of charged spheres with distinct face and edge charges.

Main Results:

Identified an 'overlapping coins' configuration as the global free energy minimum at intermediate salt concentrations (10-100 mM).
Observed a secondary 'house of cards' minimum within the same salt concentration range.
Demonstrated that electrostatic repulsion dominates at low salt, while van der Waals forces prevail at high salt concentrations (>200 mM).

Conclusions:

Phase behavior transitions from a repulsive gel (low salt) to a sol (intermediate salt) and then to an attractive gel (high salt).
At very high salinity, clay precipitation occurs due to dominant van der Waals forces.
Calculated free energy and its derivative correlate with experimentally observed yield stress and elasticity modulus.