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Related Concept Videos

Rapidly Varying Flow01:24

Rapidly Varying Flow

Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
Fast Reactions01:27

Fast Reactions

Fast reactions occurring in times shorter than the time needed to mix reactants pose a unique challenge for investigation. In a liquid-phase continuous-flow system, reactants A and B are swiftly pushed into the mixing chamber, where mixing occurs within 1 ms. The reaction mixture then flows through an observation tube, and one measures light absorption to determine species concentrations at various points of the tube. This method is most appropriate when relatively large volumes of reactants...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors
07:59

Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors

Published on: December 6, 2018

Using nitrate to quantify quick flow in a karst aquifer.

Barbara J Mahler1, Bradley D Garner

  • 1U.S. Geological Survey, Austin, TX 78751, USA. bjmahler@usgs.gov

Ground Water
|September 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nitrate mixing models effectively quantify rapid recharge (quick flow) in karst springs, revealing quick flow contributions from 0% to 55%. This method offers a valuable tool for understanding variable spring flow dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Hydrogeology
  • Environmental Science
  • Water Resource Management

Background:

  • Karst aquifers are vulnerable to surface water contamination impacting spring quality.
  • Quantifying rapid recharge (quick flow) is difficult due to its temporal variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the utility of a nitrate-based two-endmember mixing model for quantifying quick flow in Barton Springs, Texas.
  • To compare nitrate with other tracers (delta(18)O, specific conductance) for quick flow estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized historical nitrate data from creeks and Barton Springs to define endmember concentrations.
  • Applied a two-endmember mixing model to estimate quick flow contributions under various conditions.
  • Compared model performance using nitrate, delta(18)O, and specific conductance as tracers.

Main Results:

  • Nitrate endmember concentrations were determined for aquifer water (1.5 mg/L) and quick flow (0.17-0.25 mg/L).
  • Quick flow contributed 0% to 55% of spring flow between 1990-2005 under non-stormflow conditions.
  • The nitrate model proved advantageous due to its conservative nature and large endmember concentration differences.

Conclusions:

  • A nitrate-based two-endmember mixing model is a promising approach for quantifying temporally variable quick flow in karst systems.
  • Nitrate offers advantages over delta(18)O and specific conductance for this application.
  • The model provides valuable insights into spring hydrogeology and water quality management.