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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Use of Principal Components for Scaling Up Topographic Models to Map Soil Redistribution and Soil Organic Carbon

Use of Principal Components for Scaling Up Topographic Models to Map Soil Redistribution and Soil Organic Carbon

Published on: October 16, 2018

How processing digital elevation models can affect simulated water budgets.

Eve L Kuniansky¹, Mark A Lowery, Bruce G Campbell

¹US Geological Survey, 3850 HolcombBridge Rd., Suite 160, Norcross, GA 30092, USA. elkunian@usgs.gov

|September 20, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Estimating water table elevation using digital elevation models (DEM) impacts regional groundwater models. Using the mean DEM value per cell provides a more conservative and representative water budget than using the centroid value.

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Area of Science:

Hydrology
Hydrogeology
Environmental Modeling

Background:

Regional groundwater models often use the shallow water table as a boundary condition due to grid limitations.
Estimating water table elevation is crucial but challenging without readily available surface maps.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of two digital elevation model (DEM) processing methods on simulated water budgets in regional groundwater models.
To determine the most appropriate method for estimating land surface elevation for water table calculations.

Main Methods:

Developed a two-step process to estimate water table elevation using regression equations and land surface elevations from DEM.
Compared two DEM processing techniques: using the value nearest the cell centroid versus the mean value within each cell.
Analyzed the effect of these methods on simulated groundwater flow and gradients.

Main Results:

Using the centroid value of DEM resulted in approximately 20% more simulated total flow through the aquifer system compared to the mean value.
The centroid method yielded, on average, one-third greater groundwater gradients than the mean value method.
Results are dependent on specific model area topography and grid cell size.

Conclusions:

The method of processing DEM significantly influences simulated water budgets in regional groundwater models.
Using the mean DEM value per cell is more appropriate as it represents the entire cell area, leading to a more conservative water budget.
This finding is critical for accurate hydrological simulations and water resource management.