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High density lipoprotein.

R K Garg1, R C Arora, N Agarwal

  • 1Department of Neurology, KG Medical College, Lucknow.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|March 1, 1991
PubMed
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High density lipoprotein (HDL) plays a key role in reverse cholesterol transport. Maintaining optimal HDL cholesterol levels is crucial for preventing coronary heart disease (CHD).

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Lipid Metabolism
  • Preventive Cardiology

Background:

  • High density lipoprotein (HDL) particles transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver.
  • Plasma HDL concentration is inversely related to tissue cholesterol levels.
  • HDL levels are influenced by physiological, pathological, and lifestyle factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the factors affecting serum HDL levels.
  • To discuss the relationship between HDL and coronary heart disease (CHD).
  • To outline current recommendations for managing HDL cholesterol.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of factors influencing HDL levels.
  • Epidemiological evidence analysis on HDL and CHD risk.
  • Summary of clinical guidelines for HDL management.

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Main Results:

  • Serum HDL levels are affected by age, sex, genetics, obesity, physical activity, alcohol intake, and certain diseases (diabetes, uraemia, hyperthyroidism).
  • Medications such as anabolic steroids, sex hormones, oral contraceptives, hypocholesterolaemics, and beta blockers can alter HDL levels.
  • Low HDL cholesterol (<35 mg/dl) is linked to increased coronary risk.

Conclusions:

  • High HDL levels are protective against coronary heart disease (CHD).
  • Lifestyle modifications like smoking cessation, aerobic exercise, and weight loss are recommended to increase HDL cholesterol.
  • Routine measurement and therapeutic interventions solely to raise HDL are not advised by current guidelines.