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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Inhibition of CDK Activity02:34

Inhibition of CDK Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR activation may...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Na&#239;ve and Effector CD8 T Cells
06:07

Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Naïve and Effector CD8 T Cells

Published on: March 28, 2025

Redox modulation inhibits CD8 T cell effector function.

Martha M Sklavos1, Hubert M Tse, Jon D Piganelli

  • 1Diabetes Institute, Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

Free Radical Biology & Medicine
|September 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modulating redox status effectively suppresses CD8 T cell proliferation and cytokine production. This approach also inhibits cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector functions, offering a potential strategy for controlling aberrant immune responses.

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Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice
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Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Na&#239;ve and Effector CD8 T Cells
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A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes
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A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes

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Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice
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Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice

Published on: June 22, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial in innate immunity, acting as signaling intermediates.
  • Understanding ROS roles is key to controlling aberrant immune activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of redox status modulation on CD8 T cell responses.
  • To assess the effects on proliferation, cytokine production, and cytotoxic activity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two in vitro mouse models: mixed leukocyte reaction and OT-1 T cell receptor transgenic model.
  • Assessed cell proliferation, cytokine (IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-17) production, and cytotoxicity assays.
  • Analyzed effector molecule expression (IFN-gamma, perforin, granzyme B) and degranulation marker (CD107a).

Main Results:

  • Redox modulation significantly suppressed CD8 T cell proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis.
  • Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) killing capacity against target cells was diminished.
  • Expression of key CTL effector molecules and degranulation markers decreased by at least fivefold.

Conclusions:

  • Redox modulation effectively dampens CD8 T cell responses to alloantigen and cognate antigen.
  • Inhibition of proliferation, cytokine synthesis, and CTL effector mechanisms underlies this suppression.
  • This highlights redox modulation as a potential therapeutic strategy for immune control.