Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 30, 2026
05:10
Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
Published on: December 11, 2016
Pharmacogenetics in drug discovery and development: a translational perspective
1Deane Drug Discovery Institute, Duke University Medical Center and Fuqua School of Business, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA. allen.roses@duke.edu
Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery
|September 23, 2008
Summary
Pharmacogenetics uses genetic information to predict drug response, aiming to reduce drug development failures and adverse events. Enhanced collaboration is needed to build genetic profiles for better drug and diagnostic test development.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development
- Translational Medicine
- Genetics and Personalized Medicine
Background:
- Pharmacogenetics aims to predict drug response using genetic information, potentially reducing attrition in new drug development and minimizing adverse events.
- Current research often focuses on drug-metabolism or candidate genes, but advanced genetic tools allow for broader genome-wide and multi-candidate gene association studies.
- A significant gap exists in published pharmacogenetic data despite its growing importance in the pharmaceutical industry.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the potential of pharmacogenetics in improving drug development and patient safety.
- To emphasize the need for advanced genetic tools in target discovery and drug development.
- To advocate for enhanced industry-academia collaborations for systematic pharmacogenetic data collection.
Main Methods:
- Leveraging new genetic tools for multi-candidate gene-association studies.
- Utilizing genome-wide association studies for target discovery.
- Analyzing genetic information to predict individual patient drug response.
Main Results:
- Predicting drug response via genetic information can decrease attrition in drug development.
- Identifying at-risk patients can reduce adverse drug events.
- Advanced genetic tools facilitate comprehensive target discovery and drug development.
Conclusions:
- Systematic collection of pharmacogenetic data is crucial for establishing genetic profiles related to drug response.
- Confirming pharmacogenetic associations requires robust data and collaborative efforts.
- Enhanced collaboration between industry and academia is essential to expedite the development of new drugs and diagnostic tests.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets
Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
01:29Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview
Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
01:29Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu
Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
01:27Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview
Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
01:27Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants
The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
01:16Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters
The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...