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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Pulsed Wave Doppler Assessment of Diastolic Dysfunction in the ZSF-1 Rat Model of Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease
08:57

Pulsed Wave Doppler Assessment of Diastolic Dysfunction in the ZSF-1 Rat Model of Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease

Published on: May 22, 2026

Diastolic dysfunction: a link between hypertension and heart failure.

Sophie Lalande1, Bruce D Johnson

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.

Drugs of Today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998)
|September 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diastolic heart failure, marked by preserved ejection fraction, stems from impaired left ventricular (LV) relaxation and compliance, often linked to hypertension. Early blood pressure control is key to prevention.

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A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models
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A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models

Published on: July 21, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Pulsed Wave Doppler Assessment of Diastolic Dysfunction in the ZSF-1 Rat Model of Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease
08:57

Pulsed Wave Doppler Assessment of Diastolic Dysfunction in the ZSF-1 Rat Model of Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease

Published on: May 22, 2026

A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models
07:49

A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models

Published on: July 21, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Diastolic heart failure presents with heart failure symptoms and preserved ejection fraction.
  • Diagnosis is often by exclusion due to indistinguishable symptoms from systolic dysfunction.
  • Hypertension is a common precursor, leading to left ventricular (LV) concentric hypertrophy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the pathophysiology of diastolic heart failure.
  • To highlight the role of hypertension in its development.
  • To outline current treatment and prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on diastolic heart failure and hypertension.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms linking hypertension to LV diastolic dysfunction.
  • Synthesis of treatment and prevention guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Diastolic dysfunction arises from decreased LV compliance and relaxation, exacerbated by hypertension-induced LV hypertrophy and collagen accumulation.
  • Hypertension leads to LV concentric hypertrophy, reducing compliance and diastolic filling.
  • Fibrillar collagen accumulation contributes to decreased compliance and diastolic dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Pharmacological treatment should target blood pressure normalization, LV hypertrophy regression, heart rate control, and symptom management.
  • Preventive strategies focusing on early and aggressive blood pressure control are crucial.
  • Effective management of hypertension is paramount in reducing diastolic heart failure incidence.