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Related Concept Videos

Leishmaniasis01:30

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
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Related Experiment Videos

Leprosy-related joint involvement.

H L A Pereira1, S L E Ribeiro, S N Pennini

  • 1Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil.

Clinical Rheumatology
|September 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Leprosy-related arthritis affects 9.1% of patients, often linked to reactional episodes. While many cases are chronic, half of patients achieve asymptomatic status after treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease, can manifest with articular complications.
  • Understanding the prevalence and clinical spectrum of leprosy-related arthritis is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the prevalence of arthritis in leprosy patients.
  • To evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of leprosy-related arthritis.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 1,257 leprosy patients in Amazonas, Brazil, were assessed.
  • Patients with articular complaints underwent rheumatological evaluation, blood tests, and radiological imaging.
  • Follow-up assessments were conducted for patients with arthritis.

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Main Results:

  • 9.1% of leprosy patients (55 individuals) exhibited leprosy-related arthritis.
  • Arthritis was predominantly seen in lepromatous or borderline leprosy types and often associated with reactional episodes (erythema nodosum leprosum or reversal reactions).
  • Fifty percent of patients achieved an asymptomatic state during a mean 24-month follow-up period.

Conclusions:

  • Leprosy-related arthritis has a lower prevalence than previously suggested.
  • Most cases are linked to leprosy reactional episodes and can follow a chronic, treatment-resistant course.
  • A significant proportion of patients experience symptom resolution with appropriate management.