Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Chickenpox01:20

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. Its transmission occurs primarily through the inhalation of respiratory droplets or direct contact with vesicular fluid from skin lesions. The incubation period typically ranges from 10 to 21 days, during which the virus replicates and disseminates through sequential phases within the host. Although generally self-limiting in children,...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Malaria01:29

Malaria

Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

How Is Lebanon's Progress Towards Measles Elimination? Review of Surveillance Performance Indicators, 2013-2024.

Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Measles Outbreak Driven by Nosocomial Transmission, Armenia, February-July 2023.

Emerging infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Dose-dependent impact of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on the neuroplasticity in the hippocampus of adult rats.

Neuroscience letters·2026
Same author

Knowledge and Support for Antimicrobial Stewardship Does Not Necessarily Translate into Good Practice: Survey in a Tertiary Hospital in Moldova, May-June 2024.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Paediatricians in the West Bank, Palestine, Regarding COVID-19 Vaccination Among Children Younger than 12 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study, October to November 2023.

Vaccines·2025
Same author

Identifying Gaps and Challenges in Acute Hepatitis B Surveillance in the Country of Georgia: Comprehensive Surveillance System Evaluation.

JMIR public health and surveillance·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation
09:07

Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation

Published on: June 24, 2025

[Mumps in Poland in 2006].

Paweł Stefanoff1, Justyna Rogalska

  • 1Zakład Epidemiologii, Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Puńlicznego - Pańistwowy Zakład Higieny, ul. Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warszawa. pstefanoff@pzh.gov.pl

Przeglad Epidemiologiczny
|September 24, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Poland saw a significant drop in mumps cases in 2006 due to high measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination rates. Continued high MMR coverage is expected to further reduce mumps incidence in school-aged children.

More Related Videos

Adjuvant Activity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Autoantigens During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:57

Adjuvant Activity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Autoantigens During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: May 12, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation
09:07

Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation

Published on: June 24, 2025

Adjuvant Activity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Autoantigens During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:57

Adjuvant Activity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Autoantigens During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: May 12, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Immunology

Context:

  • Mumps incidence in Poland significantly decreased in 2006 compared to previous years.
  • This decline is linked to the introduction of a two-dose measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine program in 2003.
  • The 5-9 year old age group exhibited the highest mumps incidence.

Purpose:

  • To analyze the trend of mumps incidence in Poland in 2006.
  • To evaluate the impact of the routine two-dose MMR immunisation program on mumps epidemiology.
  • To identify the most affected age groups and predict future trends.

Summary:

  • In 2006, Poland reported 15,115 mumps cases, a substantial decrease from 2005 and the 2000-2004 median.
  • The incidence rate in 2006 was 39.6 per 100,000, significantly lower than previous periods.
  • High coverage of the two-dose MMR vaccine, implemented in 2003, is credited for this reduction.
  • Children aged 5-9 years were most affected, with an incidence of 328.7 per 100,000.
  • Hospitalization rates were 4.3% with no reported deaths.

Impact:

  • The findings highlight the effectiveness of routine two-dose MMR vaccination in controlling mumps outbreaks.
  • The study predicts a sustained decrease in mumps incidence as vaccination coverage expands to school-aged cohorts.
  • This data supports the continued importance of maintaining high MMR vaccination coverage for public health.