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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

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A Comprehensive Pipeline to Assess the Efficiency of Human Erythropoiesis In Vitro and Ex Vivo
08:53

A Comprehensive Pipeline to Assess the Efficiency of Human Erythropoiesis In Vitro and Ex Vivo

Published on: January 10, 2025

Erythropoietic agents and the elderly.

Neeraj Agarwal1, Josef T Prchal

  • 1Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine and Veterans Administration Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

Seminars in Hematology
|September 24, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Erythropoietic agents, like epoetin alfa, stimulate red blood cell production. These agents show promise in treating elderly anemia, potentially improving function and reducing healthcare burdens.

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Published on: October 6, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Gerontology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Erythropoietin (Epo) is a hormone crucial for red blood cell production (erythropoiesis).
  • Erythropoietic agents are designed to mimic or enhance Epo's action.
  • Anemia in the elderly is a significant health issue with functional and economic consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role and potential of erythropoietic agents in managing anemia, particularly in the elderly.
  • To discuss the mechanisms of action for existing and novel erythropoietic agents.
  • To explore the impact of erythropoietic agents on neuronal regeneration, stroke, and thromboembolism.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of erythropoietic agents, including epoetin alfa, epoetin beta, darbepoetin alfa, CERA, and HIF-1 modulators.
  • Analysis of studies on erythropoietic agents' effects in mouse models (neuronal regeneration, stroke).
  • Examination of clinical data regarding erythropoietic agents' impact on cancer patients and astronauts (neocytolysis).

Main Results:

  • Erythropoietic agents can stimulate erythropoiesis and have shown neuroprotective effects in animal models.
  • Clinical use in cancer patients has been associated with shortened survival and increased thromboembolism.
  • Neocytolysis, a decrease in red blood cell mass, occurs with rapid Epo level decline.

Conclusions:

  • Erythropoietic agents hold potential for treating unexplained anemias in the elderly, improving their functional capacity.
  • These agents may reduce morbidity and mortality in the elderly, lessening the societal healthcare burden.
  • Careful consideration of risks, such as thromboembolism, is necessary when using erythropoietic agents.