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Related Concept Videos

Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

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Lipid Absorption01:24

Lipid Absorption

Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
These breakdown products bind with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles, which quickly pass between microvilli to come in close contact with the apical...

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Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation
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Selective decrease of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate content in macrophages by high supplementation with

Jérôme Bouvier1, Karin A Zemski Berry, Françoise Hullin-Matsuda

  • 1Université de Lyon, UMR 870 Inserm, Insa-Lyon, UMR 1135 Inra, Univ Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, IMBL, 69621, Villeurbanne, France.

Journal of Lipid Research
|September 24, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) accumulates docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), but high DHA levels decrease BMP amounts and promote its degradation. Vitamin E protects BMP and enhances its DHA content, suggesting a role in lipid peroxidation and cholesterol protection.

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Saturated Fatty Acids Induce Ceramide-associated Macrophage Cell Death
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Saturated Fatty Acids Induce Ceramide-associated Macrophage Cell Death

Published on: October 31, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Lipid biochemistry
  • Cell biology
  • Membrane biophysics

Background:

  • Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) is a unique phospholipid found in late endosomal membranes, forming specialized lipid domains.
  • BMP-rich domains are implicated in cellular cholesterol homeostasis.
  • BMP has a high propensity to accumulate docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) supplementation on the fatty acid composition and amount of BMP in RAW macrophages.
  • To explore the impact of high DHA content in BMP on its stability and potential role in oxidative processes.

Main Methods:

  • Supplementation of cultured macrophages with various forms of PG (dioleoyl-PG, didocosahexaenoyl-PG) and nonesterified DHA.
  • Analysis of BMP fatty acid composition and quantification of BMP levels.
  • Assessment of BMP degradation under oxidant conditions using a cell-free system.
  • Evaluation of cholesterol oxidation in the presence of different BMP species.

Main Results:

  • Supplementation with dioleoyl-PG increased BMP accumulation and oleate proportion.
  • High concentrations of didocosahexaenoyl-PG or nonesterified DHA enriched BMP with DHA, forming diDHA species, but selectively decreased total BMP amount.
  • Vitamin E supplementation prevented BMP decrease and increased its DHA content.
  • DHA-rich BMP, particularly diDHA species, was rapidly degraded under oxidant conditions, unlike oleic acid-rich BMP.
  • Didocosahexaenoyl-PG supplementation promoted BMP accumulation with an enhanced proportion of 22:6/22:6-BMP.
  • Cell-free experiments showed 22:6/22:6-BMP is highly oxidizable and offers partial protection against cholesterol oxidation.

Conclusions:

  • High DHA content in BMP, especially diDHA species, leads to increased susceptibility to peroxidation and specific degradation.
  • BMP's susceptibility to oxidation suggests a potential antioxidant role in its vicinity, protecting nearby lipids like cholesterol.
  • Phosphatidylglycerol supplementation modulates BMP synthesis and fatty acid composition, with implications for cellular lipid metabolism and oxidative stress response.