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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...

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Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Introduction of an Integrated Pathology Image Management, Artificial Intelligence, and Reporting System

Introduction of an Integrated Pathology Image Management, Artificial Intelligence, and Reporting System

Published on: July 11, 2025

Imaging utilization commentary: a radiology perspective.

Martin H Reed¹

¹Children's Hospital, Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. mreed@hsc.mb.ca

Pediatric Radiology

|September 24, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Limiting pediatric imaging to studies that aid patient management, like using the Ottawa Ankle and Knee Rules, reduces unnecessary X-rays. Decision rules for CT scans in head and abdominal injuries will further optimize imaging use.

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Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition

Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition

Published on: June 21, 2024

Area of Science:

Pediatric Radiology
Emergency Medicine
Clinical Decision Rules

Background:

Adherence to the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) concept necessitates limiting imaging to studies that significantly contribute to patient management.
Current practices in pediatric emergency settings often involve imaging that may not alter clinical decisions or can lead to misinterpretations and unnecessary treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the appropriate utilization of diagnostic imaging in pediatric emergency care.
To highlight the development and application of clinical decision rules to optimize imaging selection and resource allocation.

Main Methods:

Review of existing clinical decision rules (e.g., Ottawa Ankle Rule, Ottawa Knee Rule) and ongoing development of new rules by networks like PECARN and PERC.
Discussion of the diagnostic utility and limitations of various imaging modalities (radiography, CT, US) for common pediatric emergency conditions.

Main Results:

The Ottawa Ankle and Knee Rules effectively reduce radiography for pediatric trauma.
Chest radiographs are often unnecessary for acute bronchiolitis/asthma and can lead to misdiagnosis of pneumonia.
Abdominal radiographs have limited validity for constipation; ultrasound (US) is often sufficient for appendicitis, reserving CT for ambiguous cases.

Conclusions:

Implementing evidence-based utilization guidelines for pediatric imaging in emergency settings improves diagnostic yield.
Optimizing imaging selection enhances patient management and conserves healthcare resources.