HfO2:X (X = Eu(3+), Ce(3+), Y(3+)) sol gel powders for ultradense scintillating materials

Hafnium dioxide (HfO 2) presents a high crystalline density which makes it attractive for host lattice activated by rare earths for applications as scintillating materials. HfO 2 powders doped with Eu (3+) or Ce (3+) luminescent ions are prepared by sol gel process. The annealing temperature and the concentration of doping ions are optimized to provide the powder presenting the best scintillation yield. The powders are crystallized in monoclinic phase whatever annealing temperature above 800 degrees C. The emission spectra are characterized by a white broadband between 400 and 600 nm. After optimization, the most efficient composition, namely HfO 2:2.5% Eu 1% Y (molar percent) exhibits a scintillation yield about 31,000 photons/MeV, which is about 3.8 times that of the standard Bi 3Ge 5O 12 (BGO) commercial powder.