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Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays
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Published on: September 26, 2011

HIV epidemiology in Greece.

G Nikolopoulos1, D Paraskevis, A Hatzakis

  • 1National Retrovirus Reference Center, Department of Hygiene Epidemiology & Medical Statistics, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece. gknikolopoulos@gmail.com

Future Microbiology
|September 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in Greece significantly impacts public health, particularly among men who have sex with men. Recent molecular epidemiology reveals a shift in circulating HIV-1 subtypes, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Greece has faced significant morbidity and mortality due to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
  • Highly active antiretroviral therapy has mitigated some epidemic consequences, yet HIV infection persists as a major public health concern.
  • Key populations driving the epidemic include men who have sex with men and heterosexually-infected individuals, with lower levels among injecting drug users.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the current state of the HIV epidemic in Greece.
  • To investigate the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains.
  • To inform public health strategies for vulnerable subpopulations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality data in Greece.
  • Analysis of HIV-1 molecular epidemiology, including subtype prevalence.
  • Assessment of transmission dynamics across different risk groups.

Main Results:

  • The HIV epidemic in Greece is primarily driven by men who have sex with men, followed by heterosexual transmission.
  • Injecting drug users represent a smaller proportion of infections.
  • HIV-1 molecular epidemiology shows high genetic heterogeneity, with an increasing prevalence of subtype A among recent infections, shifting from the initial subtype B dominance.

Conclusions:

  • HIV infection remains a significant public health issue in Greece, necessitating sustained and effective interventions.
  • The changing landscape of HIV-1 subtypes, particularly the rise of subtype A, requires adaptive public health responses.
  • Targeted strategies are crucial to address the needs of vulnerable populations and control the epidemic effectively.